摘要

布拉姆•斯托克是爱尔兰现代著名的恐怖小说家。他在1897年出版的《德拉库拉》中，成功地塑造了一位邪恶的吸血鬼形象，受到评论界的广泛关注。其中有很多学者对吸血鬼的象征意义进行了深入的研究。但多数都局限于传统的心理分析，没有进一步揭示吸血鬼成为“他者”象征的内在原因。这里的“他者”指一种文化通过塑造一个与自身对立并低于自身的文化影像，来确定以自身为中心的价值与权力秩序并认同自身。身为维多利亚时代的爱尔兰作家，斯托克敏锐感受到社会对“他者”的种种偏见。
本文以法国当代著名哲学家米歇尔•福柯思想中的权力话语为立论视角，考察小说中以德拉库拉为首的吸血鬼们成为“他者”的条件及其象征意义。文章主要从性爱中的“他者”、文化中的“他者”二个方面逐一展开论述。第一部分主要阐释了以德拉库拉为首的吸血鬼们如何沦为性爱中的“他者”。第二部分主要从文化的角度探讨德拉库拉和伦菲尔德“他者”形象。
本文通过对文本中“他者”的解读，找出界定“他者”的力量所在。作为权威者，为维护其统治，往往以其自身的价值观为导向，对异己力量实施排挤和压迫。事实上，“他者”有其特定的价值，通过“他者”这面镜子能发现“自我”的种种不足，进一步开阔“自我”的视野。本文在新的时代背景下重新解读文本中的“他者”，有利于人们意识“自身”所存在的偏见，重新审视“他者”，从而促进人类社会的和谐。

关键词：布拉姆•斯托克，    《德拉库拉》，    权力，性爱中的“他者”，文化中的“他者”

ABSTRACT

Bram Stoker is now widely recognized as a master of horror in literature. In his masterpiece Dracula, the hero Count Dracula is endowed with the characteristic of evil on the basis of traditional vampires. Since its publication in 1897, Dracula has never been out of print. And scholarly interest in this novel and its author has been aroused since the second half of the 20th century. Especially many critics delve into the vampire symbolic of alien power. However, most of the studies are confined to the orthodox Freudian interpretation and few of them analyze the real reason for the vampire symbolic of the Other.
This thesis discusses on the basis of Foucault’s power theory how the vampire is defined as the Other and how the authorities discriminate against him all the time for their own sake. The discussion includes two parts – one does an analysis of Lucy and another three female vampires as sexually Other in comparison with Mina, a traditional woman; another explores Dracula and Henry Renfield, a madman, as the Culturally Other.
The thesis gives a detailed analysis of the Other to find out the internal cause of the prejudice. Just because the authorities intend to maintain and strengthen their domination, the Other has to be excluded from the society. In fact, the Other is like a window or a mirror. On the basis of the Other, people can be more conscious of themselves under the contemporary social situations, which will be beneficial to the harmony of the whole society.

Key words: Bram Stoker,    Dracula,    power,    sexually Other,    culturally Other