摘要

《看不见的人》以一种独特的艺术形式概括了许多有关美国的史料，同时又有一种奇特的“预知”的力量。这就需要我们去探寻，去挖掘更多的小说想要表达的意义。它不仅仅只描述黑人问题、成长问题，也包含了妇女解放、争取自由的问题，而这两者之间具有怎样的关系，就需要透过当时的社会环境以及当时人们的思想动态来探寻。而得出的结论也会更有利于我们认识和了解美国历史，而本论文则着重于此。
首先要探讨的是《看不见的人》一书中拉尔夫反映的当时美国妇女争取解放的运动是如何展开并发展起来，然后根据文中所反映的黑人生存现状，妇女解放运动与黑人民主斗争产生的背景结合起来，寻找这两件历史事件的相同点与不同处，从而探寻两者的关系，更深层次地发掘美国历史。因此，本文在以往研究的基础上，跳出以往学者固有的思路，不再从小说的艺术手法或是文字的表现力，以一种新的视角来审视《看不见的人》。

关键词：美国黑人，独立战争，妇女，解放战争

Abstract

Invisible Man, summarizing many historical materials about America with a unique artistic form, has a strange predictable strength. This needs us to explore, to dig more what the novel wants to express. It does not only describe black issues, growth problem, it also contains the problems of women’s liberation and freedom problems. And the relationship between them needs to be explored through the environment as well as the people’s ideological trend at that time. And the conclusion enables us to know and understand American history which is this paper’s focus.
First, this thesis explores how the novel Invisible Man reflects the initiation and development of liberation movement of American women as well as the life conditions and the struggle for freedom of the black people. Then, the thesis compares the background of American women’s liberation movement and American blacks’ fight for freedom.
This thesis is no longer confined to the usual discussion of art of fiction or the language of the novel. It is a new attempt to discover some truth of American history, as well as a new aspect to study Invisible Man.

Key Words: American black, civil rights movement, American women, liberation movement

1 Introduction
Ralph Ellison (the Ellison, 1914-1994) is a famous contemporary black American writer and one of the most influential American novelists in the 20th century. Invisible Man is the only novel published before he died. Ellison was born on March 1, 1914 in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. He has been dreaming to be a musician since his childhood. After middle school, he won a scholarship and entered the black university Tuskegee Institute study music, where he began to get in touch with literature. His literature journey began with Eliot’s The Waste Land. As the scholarship had a problem, he went to New York after the third year in university. In New York, under the influence of Langston Hughes and Richard Wright, Ellison began his literary creation. In the early time, he mainly wrote commentary, and has published two memoirs, Shadow and Act and Going to the Territory, in which he expounded his own view toward music, literature and America black’s political and social life.