摘    要

奥斯卡.王尔德（1854-1900）是出生于爱尔兰的英国小说家、剧作家、散文家和诗人。同时，他在作品中以及生活中对传统的颠覆也使他成为英国文学史上最受争议的作家之一。
19世纪中后期的维多利亚时代是英国社会物质水平发展极为迅速的一个时代。第一次工业革命的完成不仅改变了人们的物质生活，同时也影响了其精神生活，一时间，物质主义得到了人们的大力追捧，而精神世界却备受冷落。
这个疯狂、冷漠、伪善的世界对于崇尚唯美主义的王尔德无疑是一种不能忍受的现实。同时，这个令他难以忍受的世界也造就了他的悲观主义。他极力地想要摆脱其束缚。除了以颓废的生活方式反抗现实社会，他更是利用艺术对这个社会不遗余力地进行批判、讽刺、揭露。而童话就是他批判世界的最有力的工具之一，对于世间虚伪的爱情更是如此。王尔德一生共创造了两部重要的童话《快乐王子和其他故事》以及《石榴之屋》，共包含九个故事。他的爱情故事中总是摆脱不了死亡和心碎的结局，这更彰显了他的悲观主义倾向。
本论文将重点关注王尔德故事中的爱情。分别通过对《夜莺与玫瑰》、《快乐王子》、《小公主的生日》、《渔夫和他灵魂》四篇故事中的爱情形态进行文本分析来探讨王尔德悲观主义爱情观，同时还将结合其在现实世界中对爱情的态度来论证其悲观主义爱情观。

关键词：童话，悲观主义爱情观，死亡，心碎

Abstract

Oscar Wilde (1854-1900) was the Irish born novelist, playwright, essayist and poet. Because of his rebellion against the traditions in his life and his work, he was considered one of the most controversial figures of the English literary history.
The Victorian era in the middle and late 19th century was an era when the level of material life developed very fast. The first Industrial Revolution not only changed the people’s material life, but also impacted their spirit and life. People showed great fervor to material prosperity but neglected the spirit purification.
Undoubtedly, for Wilde, an advocator of aestheticism, this crazy, indifferent, hypocritical world was beyond his tolerance, and caused his sense of pessimism. He tried his best to break away from such a world. He showed his reaction and satire to the modern society both through his decadent way of life and through his arts creations. The fairy tale was one of his powerful tools, especially for the hypocritical love amount people. Oscar Wilde created two major fairy tale collections, The Happy Prince and Other Tales and A House of Pomegranates, with nine stories in total. His stories share the same ending with death and broken-heart, which shows his pessimism trend clearly.
This thesis focues on the love in Wilde’s story, to reveal his pessimistic view of love through analyzing four of his fairy tales respectively: “The Nightingale and the Rose”, “The Happy Prince”, “The Birthday of the Infanta” and “The Fisherman and His Soul”. In addition, it will also prove this topic with Wilde’s attitude towards love in his real life.

Key words: fairy tales, pessimism view of love, death, heart-broken