摘要

文学上的极简主义表现为文字的节约性，以平铺直叙的方式，减少华丽的辞藻，让读者主动参与内容成为文本角色，避免作者的主导对读者解读时出现的压抑。具有文学极简主义特征的短篇小说是通过对话和完美的细节部分来讲述一个故事，以一种极端简约的艺术手段来增强作品的艺术效果，而不是靠叙述者自己的评论和参与来讲故事。这一点与20世纪美国伟大作家海明威的冰山理论不谋而合。其短篇小说《一个干净、明亮的地方》是极具这一特征的一部作品。
本文以短篇小说中的极简主义原则为理论依据，以内容分析和写作风格分析为研究方法，致力于探讨在小说《一个干净、明亮的地方》中极简主义与对话艺术、人物形象塑造以及象征手法的关系，尤其是分别包含积极与消极两方面的影响。在这篇小说中，作者省略了故事中对话部分话语发出者的身份，同时将最简单的语言和多种写作手法相结合，而读者在阅读的过程中，通过对话语发出者模糊身份的确认以及对字里行间的理解，也分别了解了各个人物形象、生活态度及个性特征。同时，文章也通过对象征手法的分析来揭示小说暗藏的主旨。
论文不仅是研究《一个干净、明亮的地方》中诸多文献的必要补充，也为研究极简主义对短篇小说的文艺价值影响提供参考依据。

关键词：极简主义，短篇小说，海明威，一个干净、明亮的地方，象征主义

Abstract

Literary minimalism is characterized by an economy with words, a focus on surface description and unvarnished language, while readers are expected to take an active and positive role in the creation of a story, instead of passive acceptance of what the author provides.  Therefore, short stories characterized by minimalism are connected and accomplished through consequential dialogues and complete details, instead of comments and participation from the author merely.  Doing more with less.  Minimalism principles with such traits chime in, naturally enough, with iceberg theory of Ernest Hemingway, a distinguished American author.  His short fiction “A Clean, Well-Lighted Place” is properly reflective of the minimalist style.
This thesis employs minimalism principle and iceberg theory as theoretical foundation and mainly focuses on the manifestations of minimalism in “A Clean, Well-Lighted Place”.  Then, through these content analyses and case study, what effects are exerted by this writing style are discussed, including the relation between minimalism and dialogue artistry, between symbolism and shaping characters.  In this short story, many conversations take place without identifying the speakers of the discourse; many words in the talks are simple on the surface but meaningful in the second thought; many writing methods are coordinated to be complementary to each other.  Thereby, the readers have to actively participate in the comprehending process by recognizing the identities of the speakers and grasping the meanings between lines to serve perceiving every personality and their life attitudes.  Meanwhile, the theme will be gradually disclosed by making analysis of symbolism.
The result of this paper will be a supplement to the literature on exploring Hemingway’s “A Clean, Well-Lighted Place” and be used as reference for appreciating the glamour of minimalism in short stories.

Key words: minimalism, short story, Hemingway, A Clean, Well-Lighted Place, symbolism