摘要

在世界儿童文学名著中，刘易斯•卡罗尔的爱丽丝系列拥有至高无上的地位。透过荒诞的表象深入观察，读者会发现书中包含许多隐喻、象征、存在的悖论与逻辑的纠缠，可以从文学、语言学乃至哲学等多种角度进行解读。自其问世之日起，不同学术领域的中西方学者便致力于研究作品主题，却始终难以得出公认结论。这两本书是类似《格列佛游记》的政治讽喻作品吗？作者有无借文学体裁表达自己宗教思想的意图？关于此类问题，答案众说纷纭，各有道理。
本文在参考借鉴学界现有成果的基础上，以内容分析及对比论证作为研究方法，致力于解读爱丽丝系列所蕴藏的深刻哲学寓意。文章首先介绍作者资料及写作背景，强调卡罗尔对哲学的深入思索与教育儿童的意图，由此确知作品不是单纯的幻想故事，而有着丰富的哲学内涵；其次比较分析现实社会与爱丽丝梦中构建的幻想世界以明确其具体联系，并结合弗洛伊德对梦的解析等代表性学术观点，论证现实与幻梦在哲学层面上分别隐喻存在与感知；最终总结论述作者对作为故事核心的现实与幻梦——即存在与感知——二者辩证关系的理解：存在是感知的基础，感知反映存在，前者必然独立于后者，而后者不能脱离前者产生。
本文不仅为爱丽丝系列的研究者提供了一种分析思路，也为分析文学作品的哲学意味补充了一定的参考依据。

关键词：童话，爱丽丝系列，刘易斯•卡罗尔，哲学寓意，辩证关系

Abstract

Alice in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll has an unrivaled position in children’s literature of the world. Looking into the absurd appearance, readers will find that the books contain a number of metaphors, symbols, paradoxes of existence and contradictions of logic, thus they can be analyzed from different academic angles such as literature, linguistics and even philosophy. Since this series’ publication, worldwide scholars in distinct fields have committed themselves to the research of the theme, but little agreement has been achieved. Are the two books political satires like Gulliver’s Travels written by Jonathan Swift? Does the author have the intention of expressing his religious thoughts in literary works? Answers to these questions are diversified and make senses respectively.
This thesis tries to observe philosophical connotations in Alice in Wonderland by using extant academic achievements as theoretical foundation and adopts content analysis and comparison as the research methods. It first gives a brief introduction to the author and writing background of this series, emphasizes Carroll’s profound philosophical thoughts and intention of children’s education, and thus proves that his works have rich philosophical meanings. Subsequently, it makes a comparison between realistic society and fantastic worlds in Alice’s dream to find out their relationship, and demonstrates that the corresponding philosophical terms of reality and dream are existence and perception with the combination of related studies such as interpretation of dreams by Freud. At last, it illustrates Carroll’s viewpoint on the dialectic relationship between reality and dream (in other words, existence and perception), which is actually the theme of the books: Perception reflects existence, which is its foundation. Existence is independent of perception, but there would be no perception without existence.
The result of this paper will provide a way for researchers to analyze Alice in Wonderland, and will also be a supplement to the study of philosophical thoughts revealed in literary works.

Key words: fairy tales, Alice in Wonderland, Lewis Carroll, philosophical implications, dialectic relationship