摘要

作为开创心理现实主义小说先河的美国文学家、评论家、剧作家，亨利•詹姆斯常年旅居欧洲，是感受欧洲文化与美国文化的亲身实践者。他的许多作品所探讨的经常是欧美人所交往产生的文化冲突、道德问题、国际问题、物质与精神之间的矛盾。
在《一个贵妇人的画像》中，女主人公伊莎贝尔意外从舅舅那里获得一笔巨大的财产。年轻漂亮、一心追求自由人生的她，在连拒两位深爱她的绅士之后，成了金钱追求者的目标，陷入她所倾慕的所谓好朋友梅尔夫人及其情人奥斯蒙所设下的圈套之后，便走入了一场婚姻的悲剧。在结尾处，当她有了一个可以离开的理由时，伊莎贝尔依然选择回头面对她那满目疮痍的婚姻。
亨利•詹姆斯的这部《一个贵妇人的画像》，自出版以来得到了众多国内外学者的研究及探讨。亨利•詹姆斯通过对话、心理描写等方法来描摹人物的性格、背景等方面的精湛技术让人折服。国外研究学者所做出的尝试较多，如通过研究詹姆斯的小说理论来探讨《一个贵妇人的画像》、比较心理现实主义与传统写作手法、把亨利•詹姆斯与不同时期、不同风格的作家做比较。
本论文主要分为三部分。第一部分主要分析亨利•詹姆斯早期作品的写作特点及叙述手法特点来探究其对《一个贵妇人的画像》的写作影响；第二部分，结合文本分析女主人公伊莎贝尔的性格的写作特点以研究亨利•詹姆斯心理现实主义的特点。第三部分是依托弗洛依德的精神分析法来分析伊莎贝尔的心理历程。此外，还研究了亨利•詹姆斯的心理现实主义的写作特点及手法。

关键词： 伊莎贝尔，精神分析，心理现实主义，叙述手法

Abstract

Henry James is one of the renowned representatives of 19th-century psychological realism. Apart from writing novels, he also writes criticisms, journals, biographies and drama. He is the forerunner of psychological novels. Henry James was born in America, but lived most of his life in Europe. Therefore, he observed delicately American and European life. His novels mostly deal with the problems of clashes between Americans and Europeans, the conflicts of material and spirit, the loneliness of artists and writers, etc.
The Portrait of a Lady is one of Henry James’s early representatives and masterpieces. It tells a story of a young beautiful spirited American woman, Isabel Archer, she rejects proposals of two wealthy men, regarding it as a sign for her independent spirit. Owing to the plot of Madame Merle, she marries Osmond, Merle’s ex-husband, who treats her like an object and marries only for money. Facing the choice of leaving her miserable husband and marriage or honoring her marriage vow, Isabel chooses to live with her husband in the end. From the moment Isabel marries Gilbert Osmond, she is lost and not independent anymore. Due to her pride, she doesn’t violate social custom and abandon her husband. She can only endure the hardship with Osmond in the end. On its republication in The Atlantic Monthly, The Portrait of a Lady receives massive criticism and compliment as well. Up till now, there have been studies in the directions of feminism, social politics and formalism. Critics have recognized the contributions Henry James has made to the analysis of human consciousness and motivation.
The thesis is divided into three parts. The first part mainly analyzes the early writing characteristics and narrative methods of Henry James’s early works; the second part, this thesis analyzes Isabel’s character based on textual analysis; the third part analyzes Isabel’s psychological processes according to Freud’s theory of psychoanalysis. Besides, the writing characteristics of psychological realism in the novel are analyzed as well.

Key words: Isabel Archer, psychoanalysis, psychological realism, narrative methods