摘要

纵观历史，战争是人类文明进程中无法抹去的一笔。第一次世界大战对美国直接的影响是产生了一批反战小说和世界文学史上盛行一时的文学流派“迷惘的一代”。欧内斯特•海明威被公认为此流派的代表作家。他的第一部长篇小说《太阳照常升起》不仅是“迷惘的一代”的宣言书，也是他所生活年代的年轻人的真实写照。《太阳照常升起》作为“迷惘的一代”的代表作品，其中许多元素都曾经是大家热烈讨论的话题，比如人物的性格命运，人物的爱情悲剧和作品的美学意义等等。对于从《太阳照常升起》看战争对青年一代的影响这类课题，国内外学者也做了甚为广泛的研究。
本文在把中西方评论界学者们的观点结合起来的基础上，对海明威笔下的主要人物进行性格，人物命运，爱情等多方面的立体分析，从而初步得出战争对青年一代在爱情，道德信仰和自我认知,日常生活三个方面的影响，再结合第一次世界大战的背景进行综合考虑，从而印证上面已经得出的结论。这样的以研究笔下人物为主，结合作者作品背景的研究方法，对于真正了解战争对青年一代的影响会更加的深入和客观。

关键词：欧内斯特•海明威， 战争，迷惘的一代，爱情悲剧 

Abstract

A survey of history shows that war is an important part of human civilization. As a the direct influence of World War I, there emerged in the United States a number of anti-war novels and a literary school known all over the world— “The Lost Generation.” Of this school Ernest Hemingway is recognized as the representative, and his first novel The Sun Also Rises is not only the manifesto of “The Lost Generation” but also a portrait of the young generation’s real life in that age. In their studies of this novel, critics mostly focus on such aspects as the characterization of the protagonists, the tragedy of love and the aesthetic significance of the work. Scholars at home and abroad have also done much research on the influence of the First World War on the young generation.
Synthesizing Chinese and foreign scholars’ research as theoretical foundation, this thesis comprehensively analyzes love, character, fate and other elements of the leading roles in the novel, and concludes that the First World War had great influence on three respects of the young generation’s life—love, belief and self-cognition. At last, the conclusion is supported by a discussion of the background of the novel. Such an approach is intended to give more objectivity and depth to the examination of the war’s influence on the young generation.

Key words: Ernest Hemingway, war, the Lost Generation, tragedy of love

1  Introduction
Ernest Hemingway is recognized as the representative of “the Lost Generation”. His first novel The Sun Also Rises is not only the manifesto of "the Lost Generation" but also the real reflection of the young people’s life in that age.
Ernest Hemingway had participated in the war a few times during his life. After the First World War broke out, Hemingway joined the American Red Cross service team in Italian field with an earnest desire to experience the war by himself. During World War I he volunteered to be a driver of the Red Cross team in Italy and he got much profound personal experience about the real war. In Hemingway’s works, almost all themes are about the war. The main three long novels The Sun Also Rises, A Farewell to Arms, For Whom the Bell Tolls play an important role in American literature. In these works, by describing the experience of characters after war, Hemingway reveals an eternal theme: war is evil and cruel, which is meaningless to human beings because it can only bring about death and destruction; war not only destroys people’s lives but also causes irreparable damage to the spirits of people.