摘要

英国古典小说《呼啸山庄》是一部以探索人性为主题的文学作品。它通过对两代人爱恨情仇的叙述，成功地揭示了人在外界狂风暴雨摧残下人性的扭曲、堕落和复苏的三重结构。它反映了十九世纪英国社会的残酷现实，是一部震撼人心的批判现实主义的杰作。
《呼啸山庄》以爱情为主题，从一个侧面展现了人性与社会文明的冲突，展示了人性是多么的复杂，而使这部小说有了令人难以忘怀的地方。本论文揭示了人性的复杂与深刻，在于它所蕴含的爱与恨，而左右着人性的又是当时的社会文明。本文探讨了小说中的人性与文明的冲突的产物—爱与恨，在社会文明的影响下，由爱产生了恨，而恨往往扭曲了人性，从而有了一场社会文明下悲剧性的人性爱情故事。
艾米莉通过对书中人物的刻画及他们之间的冲突与和谐相处揭示了人性的双重性这一主题。人性的双重性可以导致人们之间的相互冲突，也可以使人们和谐相处。作家认为：人的极爱和极恨的感情，都可能导致人性的扭曲，但是真的人性应该是美好的，总能找到复苏之途。
本文从小说文身出发，借鉴作家传记和前人述评，以当时的欧洲风化史，社会变革史，哲学史与文学思潮史为背景，结合艾米莉生活经历，对《呼啸山庄》的人物爱情进行分析，并探讨其如是的主要原因，以期进一步揭示该作品的特点，分析人性，从而增加和丰富这部小说的内涵，推进对中西文化的研究。

关键词：人性 批判现实主义 双重性 堕落 复苏

Abstract

As an English classical novel, Wuthering Heights is a literary work that takes the human nature as its theme. It successfully revealed the three structures of human nature which was distorted, degenerated and discovered under the violent storm by narrating the love and hatred between the two generations. It reflected the harsh reality of English society in the 19th century. It is all exciting critical realism masterpiece.
Wuthering Heights is based on love, and on the other side, it demonstrates the collision between humanity and culture. Humanity is very complex so that this novel has the haunting plot. This novel reveals the humanity’s complexity and profundity, and it implies the love and resentment. Furthermore, the humanity has impacted on the temporal social culture. This thesis explores the love and hate produced from the collision between humanity and culture. When love turns to hate, hate twists humanity. Thereby, love is tragedy through culture and humanity.
Emily Bronte reveals the duality of human nature through the characters and the conflicts and harmony between them. Duality of human nature can lead to conflict, but it can make people live in harmony as well. In the author’s opinion: People’s love and hate may lead to distortion, but the true human nature is really good, it can always find resolve.
This thesis is based on the novel. The background is the history of European, the history of social change, the history of Philosophy and the history of Literature. Composed with Emily's life experiences, we can analyze the characters' love in Wuthering Heights and explore the main reason of them. Then in order to analysis the human nature, thus to increase and enrich the connotation of the novel.

Key words: human nature, critical realism, duality, degradation, recovery.