摘要

20世纪见证了女性地位翻天覆地的变化。女性开始有了选举权和被选举权，越来越多的女性在政治、经济、科学的舞台上活跃着。这一切都是经过无数女性艰难的努力争取的。文学，记录人类历史的工具，也将其重点放在了女性抗争的题材上。
托马斯哈代的著名小说《德伯家的苔丝》被西方社会誉为是西方女性主义的萌芽，故事中，苔丝不满命运和父母的安排，勇敢的追求自己的幸福，为自己的命运而抗争。张爱玲著作《半生缘》中的曼桢，处于新旧文化的冲突中，自立，想勇敢的追求自己的生活，但又缺乏坚定的信念，最终只有和相爱的人含泪控诉“我们回不去了”。
文化，作为一个民族的灵魂，无疑影响着人民的思想。西方，追求人的平等，虽然也强调传统道德，但更追求个人价值。中国，则更多的注重传统道德的遵守和天人合一。人是社会性动物，在社会上生存，其奋斗和处事会受传统道德、民族奋斗精神和家庭责任感的影响，苔丝和曼桢的抗争也受上述因素的影响，并受到其制约。
课题在前人对苔丝抗争的分析和张爱玲小说女性主义的分析上，结合中西文化对女性抗争在思想和行为上的影响，分析曼桢和苔丝的抗争虽然都很勇敢，但始终未逃脱道德、文化以及民族抗争的影响，并分析不同中国和西方社会的传统道德、抗争精神及家庭的责任感。

关键词：文化，妇女抗争，传统道德

ABSTRACT

The 20th century has witnessed the changes of women’s position. Nowadays, women play important roles in the field of politics, economy and science. For their due right, women have gone through many difficulties. The literatures in the19th and 20th century present the brave struggle of the women.
Tess, the protagonist in Thomas Hardy’ novel, Tess of the D’urbervilles, is regarded as the woman opening a new page of feminism in the west and Tess is praised as the hero of women. Eighteen Springs written by a Chinese woman writer, Zhang Ailing, also depicts an independent woman named Manzhen, who always wants to break the common customs but in the end she fails.
Culture, as a soul of nationality, has significance in the people’s daily life, thoughts, morals and behaviors. The western countries stress on the traditional customs but at the same time pay more attention to the personal values. China emphasizes on the harmony of nature and human beings. Human beings are creatures living in the society, so their behavior including their struggles will be influenced by the traditional customs, national fighting spirit and the family responsibilities.
The thesis will base on the struggle of Manzhen and Tess and then analyze the similarities and differences of their struggle, at last compare the different cultures’ influence on their struggles.

Key Words: Culture, Women’s struggle, Traditional customs