摘要

19世纪、20世纪之交正值英国文学从传统到革新的转折时期。爱德华•摩根•福斯特正是这期间英国文坛最富盛名的小说家之一，被誉为当代小说的塑造者之一。作为这一转折时期的重要作家，福斯特在小说的艺术技巧上有其独到之处。他既继承了现实主义的传统，又运用象征主义等现代主义手法对小说的形式和技巧进行了变革。《看得见风景的房间》就是这么一部颇具特色的作品。在这部作品中，福斯特匠心独运，巧妙地运用了象征主义这一现代主义手法，内涵丰富，具有深刻的社会含义。
本文尝试通过对福斯特的《看得见风景的房间》这一文学作品的仔细阅读，结合相关文献和理论，从象征主义角度对小说进行深刻解读。在作品中，“房间”是屋内世界，它代表英国中产阶级“发育不良的心”，以及英国社会压制个性发展的公学体系。与之相对的“风景”则是屋外世界，它代表具有人文气息的意大利，以及对爱、自由和真理的追求。因而“看得见风景的房间”也被赋予了文化之间的连结、个人的成长的意义。通过象征手法的使用，小说讽刺了僵化的英国中产阶级，表达了对自由文化的追求。这种个人成长、对自由的追求以及文化连结的思想对当代社会仍具有重要的启发意义。

关键词：福斯特，《看得见风景的房间》，象征意义

Abstract

The turning point between 19th century and 20th century is the transitional period of English literature from tradition to renovation. Edward Morgan Forster is just among the most famous novelists during this period of time. As one important writer at that period of time, Forster is noted for his unique use of artistic techniques in his novels. In these works, he not only uses some traditional tactics, but also applies a series of modern ones, like symbolism, to start his own renovation in novel writing. A Room with a View is just among these works. In the novel, Forster makes good use of symbolism, which not helps to render his characters successfully but also reveals his criticism on the narrow-mindedness and conceitedness of Edwardian middle class.
Based on the reading of the novel itself, and the study of the relative theories, this thesis will try to explore the symbolic meaning of “the room”, “the view” and “a room with a view”. In the novel, the “room” not only stands for the inner world of the characters, but also represents the “undeveloped heart” under the repressive public school system. The “view”, on the other hand, is the symbol of the outside world. It is a reflection of the vigorous Italy, and expresses the pursuit of love, truth and freedom. And “a room with a view” means self-fulfillment and the connection between different cultures. These ideas, like the growth of the soul and the connection between different cultures, are also very beneficial to the modern society.

Key words: Edward Morgan Forster, A Room with a View, symbolic meaning