摘    要

《哈克贝利•费恩历险记》是十九世纪美国批判现实主义文学奠基人、著名短篇小说大师马克•吐温的长篇小说代表作。本文主要通过对中心人物哈克的性格、心理、经历等进行阐述，以及通过对当时的社会环境的描述，进而分析哈克是如何适应“文明世界”的，揭露了当时社会的黑暗和腐朽，宣扬了哈克富于正义感的儿童形象，同时也表明了其对自由追求的意义。
哈克与黑人吉姆长期受到种族主义反动说教和社会风气的影响，但是这却泯灭不了他们内心深处对自由民主的向往，哈克对那个“文明世界”敬而远之，他以一种“折中”的方式适应着那个“文明世界”：一方面，他不能离开社会而存在，所以把自己“伪装”成“文明世界”里的人，表面上接受来自文明的教化；另一方面，他内心有着对自由的强烈渴望和追求，在厌倦了“文明世界”的时候，则避而远之，过无拘无束的生活。而哈克与吉姆的相遇、相知，为白人和黑人之间建立了沟通的桥梁，人人都享有追求自由的权利，只有在平等的前提下，才可能有真正的友谊，哈克的聪明、勇敢和吉姆的善良、忠诚与那个“文明世界”里的欺诈、虚伪形成了鲜明对比，无疑是对资本主义社会弊端的一种尖锐讽刺，而随着社会的进步发展，那些落后的文明制度也必定会被淘汰。

关键词：哈克，文明世界，冒险，自由，适应

Abstract

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is a novel by Mark Twain, first published in 1885. It is commonly recognised as one of the great American novels. This paper makes an analysis of Huckleberry Finn’s adaptation to the “civilized world” through Huck’s psychology, characteristics and experience and the society he was living. This paper reveals the corruption of the society, applauds Huck’s heroic characteristic, and indicates the meaning of Huck’s pursuit of freedom. 
The slavery and the corrupted religious doctrines suppressed the whole society, from which, Huck and Jim both suffered. However, they had the pursuit for freedom deep
in mind. Huck found a suitable way to adapt to the “civilized world”: on one hand, he disguised himself and deceived the people around; on the other hand, he built his own world that brought him freedom and relief. Huck’s encounter with Jim has laid a foundation for the communication between the white and the black. Jim’s frankness
and kindness won Huck’s loyalty. Huck treated Jim as an equal man and a parent who took care of him. There is a sharp contrast between the democratic life on the raft and the hypocritical life onshore. This contrast is definitely a satire to the corrupting “civilized world”, and it indicates that the diseases of the society are going to perish someday

Key words:  Huck, civilized world, adventure, freedom, adaptation