摘要

尤金•奥尼尔是20世纪美国现代悲剧的奠基人，他也是迄今为止唯一一位获得的诺贝尔文学奖的美国剧作家。作为20世纪最伟大的戏剧大师，尤金•奥尼尔的戏剧一直以来都是国内外学者们研究和讨论的焦点之一。他一生创作了60多部戏剧作品，其中大部分都是悲剧作品。《毛猿》是奥尼尔中期所创作的重要作品之一，这部作品的诞生，为他赢得上述荣誉起了重要作用。作为一部悲剧作品，这之中肯定包含了某些悲剧根源。本文将就《毛猿》这部悲剧的悲剧主题与效果以及表现这一悲剧主题与效果的悲剧根源进行分析与探讨。
本文的写作共包括五章。第一章首先对尤金奥尼尔和《毛猿》以及本来写作意图和整体结构作一个简单的介绍。第二章是陈述了之前对《毛猿》这篇戏剧所做过的一些研究。第三章将对《毛猿》中的悲剧场景与效果重点进行分析，主要包括四个方面，第一是主人公扬克悲惨的生活背景和低下的社会地位是悲剧场景形成的条件。第一则是扬克对自身低下地位的无知所造成的悲剧效果。第三为主人公自身幻想破灭后，无法接受现实的悲哀场景。第四则是主人公悲惨的死亡结局。第四章是本文的重点部分，从三个方面讨论了造成这些悲剧效果与场景的原因。主要从现实背景，人类的认知能力的不足以及作者本身的悲剧意识这三个方面进行讨论，揭示了这部作品的悲剧根源，而其中作者的悲剧意识对这部作品悲剧根源起着最重要的作用。第五章是文章的结语部分，对《毛猿》这部悲剧作品的悲剧效果和根源作一个总结，使读者能对这部作品有更进一步的了解与体会。

关键词：尤金•奥尼尔，悲剧，悲剧根源
                     
ABSTRACT

Eugene O’Neill was the founder of American modern tragedy of the twentieth century; he is also so far the only playwright who won the Nobel Prize in America. As the greatest American playwright in the twentieth century, his plays are one of the subjects of the discussions for both the domestic and foreign scholars. He produced more than fifty plays during his life, most of which were tragedies. The Hairy Ape was one of his important works during his Middle period. The birth of this work also played an important part in bringing his reputation to the world. The Hairy Ape, as a tragedy, must contain some tragic causes. This paper is going to make an analysis on these causes which have produced the tragic scenes and effects in the work.
This paper consists of four chapters. Chapter 1 briefly introduces the author Eugene O’Neill。In the second chapter, it states the researches which had done by other critics before to this work. In the third chapter, it tells about the tragic scenes or effects in this work, and four points are included. This first one is presentation to the main character Yank’s low status and menial life which create a kind of tragic atmosphere in the work. Next is the description of Yank’s unconsciousness to his own position. The third one is the burst of Yank’s illusion; his resistance to the reality makes the tragic effects more obvious. The fourth one is the tragic end of his death. Chapter 4 is the main part of the paper, which analyzes in detail the causes of the tragic effects mentioned above. There are there main reasons. They are the background of the reality, human beings’ lack of the cognition to themselves and the tragic vision of the author himself, of which the author’s own tragic vision plays the most important role. The last Chapter is conclusion, summarizing the major points of this paper.

Key words: Eugene O’Neill, tragedy, tragic origins