摘    要

《雾都孤儿》是英国作家狄更斯于1838年出版的写实小说。以雾都伦敦为背景，讲述了一个孤儿悲惨的身世及遭遇，主人公奥立弗在孤儿院长大，经历学徒生涯，艰苦逃难，误入贼窝，又被迫与狠毒的凶徒为伍，历尽无数辛酸，最后在善良人的帮助下，查明身世并获得了幸福。如同狄更斯的其它小说，本书揭露许多当时的社会问题，如救济院、童工、以及帮派吸收青少年参与犯罪等。这位年仅二十五岁的小说家决心学习英国现实主义画家威廉•荷加斯（William Hogarth,1697一1764）的榜样，勇敢地直面人生，真实地表现当时伦敦贫民窟的悲惨生活。他抱着一个崇高的道德意图：抗议社会的不公，并唤起社会舆论，推行改革，使处于水深火热中的贫民得到救助。正因为如此，狄更斯历来被我国及前苏联学者界定为“英国文学上批判现实主义的创始人和最伟大的代表”。
然而文学艺术是一种特殊的社会意识形态，它必然是社会存在的反映。我们决不能把反映现实的文学都说成是现实主义文学，把“现实主义”的外延无限扩展。事实上，作家运用的创作方法多种多样，因人而异，这和作家的特殊气质和性格特点密切相关。狄更斯的创作，想象力极为丰富，充满诗的激情，他着意渲染自己的道德理想，处处突破自然的忠实临摹，借用一句歌德的话：它比自然高了一层。这和萨克雷、特洛罗普等坚持的客观。冷静、严格写实的方法有显著的区别。
正如查尔斯•狄更斯一直被公认为英国十九世纪最伟大的批判现实主义作家，人们更多的去选择他书中所展现的现实主义的色残，而很少有人去认真解读作品中的浪漫主义成分。因此，本文试图通过狄更斯在《雾都孤儿》所使用的个性化的语言、描写手法、故事情节的安排以及其丰富的想象力等方面来窥探早期狄更斯的乐观浪漫主义情怀。并尝试讨论这样的运用对表现该小说主题的作用。

关键词：个性化，乐观心理，浪漫情怀，丰富想象力

Abstract

Oliver Twist, which is a realistic novel written by Charles Dickens in 1838, sets in London as the background, telling a story of an orphan’s tragic life experience. The hero Oliver grew up in an orphanage, experiencing the apprenticeship, arduous flight and was forced to associate with the vicious assailant. He had gone through numerous bitterness and was finally identified himself with the help of good people. Like Dickens’s other novels, the book exposes many current social problems, such as hospice, child labor, and the absorption of children who is involved in crimes. The only 25-year-old novelist determines to learn from the British novelist--William Hogarth (1697-1764) as an example. He has the courage to face life and realistically express the tragic life of London slums. He held a high moral purpose to protest social injustice, and to arouse public attention--the implementation of reform to help the poor. Because of it, Dickens is always regarded as "the founder and the representative of the critical realism in England literature."
However, literature and art is a special kind of social ideology, which must be the reflection of social existence. We cannot identify the literature that reflects reality as realistic literature, or expand the realism without limitation. In fact, the writing styles the writers used are various. Dickens's works, which’s full of imagination and poetic passion. He intentionally exaggerated his own moral ideals. Just as the words of Goethe "it is higher than the natural level."
People are more likely to see the realism in Charles Dickens’ book, but very few people feel the Romantic components in it. Therefore, this article attempts to get a glimpse of early Romantic in Charles Dickens’ works from the use of personal language, description approaches, coincidences and rich imagination. 

Keywords: specialist, psychology, romantic, imagination