摘要

《呼啸山庄》自问世以来就引起了文学批评界的广泛关注，而对其从复仇主题，女性主义等各个方面进行的研究也层出不穷。本文拟以《呼啸山庄》中男女主人公爱情悲剧的发生，发展的过程为研究中心，探究男女主人公深刻而炽热的爱情最终成为一场令人扼腕的悲剧的根源。本文通过文献研究法，即阅读原著和分析中外研究成果，试图从社会环境，社会习俗，男女主人公性格缺陷与弱点，男主人公扭曲的心理等方面解读这部作品中爱情悲剧的根源，最终得出结论：这既是一场爱情悲剧，也是性格悲剧，心理悲剧，更是社会悲剧。结合当时资本主义蓬勃发展，并相继带来经济，文化，社会各个方面的变革这一背景，深刻地认识到《呼啸山庄》中爱情悲剧实质上是自然和文明不可调和的产物，是时代变化发展的产物，也是资本主义社会发展，资本主义价值观渗透的产物。

关键词：《呼啸山庄》；爱情悲剧；凯瑟琳；希斯克利夫; 社会环境

Abstract

After its first publication, Wuthering Heights has attracted a great deal of academic interests. There are various studies from different perspectives, like that of feminism, and its themes. This thesis is concerned with the development of the love story in Wuthering Heights, and attempts to explore the reasons why the deep and intense love ended up into a regretful tragedy. By using the method of documentation, i.e. reading the original work and the studies at home and abroad, this thesis explores the roots of this tragic love from the aspects of social background, the weaknesses of Catherine and Heathcliff, and the twisted mentality of Heathcliff. Therefore, a conclusion comes into being: it is not only a love tragedy, but also a character tragedy, a mentality tragedy, as well as a social tragedy. Finally, the background is taken into consideration that at that time capitalism developed rapidly, and reached its climax at the 19th century, which brought about great changes in many fields like economy, culture and society. In this way, it is easy to have the significant conclusion: the tragic love in Wuthering Heights is essentially the production of the irreconcilable contradiction betwween nature and civilization; of social change; as well as of capitalism development and the penetration of capitalism values.

Key words: Wuthering Heights; tragic love; Catherine; Heathcliff; social background

I.Introduction
1.1Emily Bronte and Wuthering Heights
Emily Bronte was born in Thornton on Aug. 20, 1818, and all her life she lived in Haworth, a Yorkshire village in the midst of the moors. These wild, desolate wild fields, as well as the setting of Wuthering Heights—made up the Brontës’ daily environment. During her life she had no close friends, was interested in mysticism, and enjoyed her solitude outdoors. All of these elements influenced both her poems and Wuthering Heights. In fact, many contemporary critics praise Emily Brontë first and foremost as a poet, marveling at the poetic nature of Wuthering Heights. And, Emily Bronte is regarded as the greatest writer of the three Bronte sisters - Charlotte Bronte, Emily, and Anne Bronte. She died in 1848, at the age of thirty.