Abstract

The love story of Heathcliff and Catherine is the essence of Wuthering Heights, the masterpiece of Emily Bronte. Based on intensive reading of the novel, the present writer aims to analyze the human nature as reflected in the novel by means of modern psychology theories, Maslow's hierarchy of needs and Freud’s theory and tries to analyze the main characters’’ emotional world in order to dig out the nature deep in their consciousness.
This thesis will be divided into seven parts. The social background of the novel and the information about the author will be given in the first chapter. Chapter two is a careful study of the human nature. In chapter three, the reasons for the formation of the human nature are discussed. The modern psychological theories, Maslow's hierarchy of needs and Freud’s theory are employed. A more reasonable explanation will be presented. It seems that one of Emily Bronte’s aims to write this novel is that she intends to express her wishes that man should return to nature and keep childlike innocence. So, chapter four discusses her wishes about human nature. In chapter five, the present writer expresses her understanding and thinking about the human nature as reflected in this novel. Chapter six analyzes the realistic significance of this novel, the enlightenment we can gain from the two protagonists. Chapter seven is the conclusion.

Key words: Wuthering Heights, human nature, psychological theories, nature

摘要

《呼啸山庄》中希斯克利夫和凯瑟琳的爱情故事是整部小说的精髓，也是广大学者评论的焦点。在研读本部小说以及相关资料的基础上，本文试图分析小说主人公人性的种种，运用现代心理学原理：马斯洛的需求层次理论和弗洛伊德的人格理论，分析主人公种种性格特点形成的原因，从而从根本上分析他们的感情世界。
本文主要研究两位男女主人公的人性，共有七个章节。第一部分主要介绍作者的创作社会背景以及作者家庭情况对作品产生的推动作用。第二部分着重分析希斯克利夫和凯瑟琳的人性特点，揭露他们自私的共性。第三部分主要借助马斯洛的需求层次理论和弗洛伊德的人格理论，分析主人公种种性格特点形成的原因。在分析相关资料后，不难发现作者通过写这部小说在传达一种意愿：希望人类回归自然，坚持人性最本真、最自然的部分。因此，第四部分主要讨论作者希望人性回归的愿望。第五部分是读罢小说我对小说中所反映的人性的理解和思索。我们能够从小说的爱情悲剧里学到很多，对爱情的态度以及我们的人生观，都可以从中得到很多启示。所以，第六部分讨论了这部小说的现实意义。最后一部分为结论。

关键词：呼啸山庄、人性、心理学原理、自然