Abstract

Little women is the most famous work of Louisa May Alcott. This is a family novel describing the happy life and their desires of the March family. Someone says it is novel about the history of the four sisters’ growth and development. The attraction of Little Women is that it represents four different kinds of girls and what they have done is quite similar to our daily life. There is no doubt that the four sisters have some shortcomings more or less, but it can not change their nature of being good and honest.
 From the analysis of the book, we can see that it is the family education that leads to the four sisters’ different but nice personalities, which affect their outlooks of life, value and marriage. Family education is an important part in children’s growth. Here, I will analyze the effects of family education on personalities in two different aspects: family environment and family educational manner. Family environment lays a foundation for the development of the children and will affect their forming of personalities. And family educational manner is the main cause of the forming of personalities. This paper is to emphasize the important meaning of the family education and the great effects on the children’s personalities.
Family education takes up a large part of the novel Little Women. In the March family, we can see that Mrs. March is the main educator in her family. She directly has an influence on the development of the four sisters. And Mr. March, though absent for a long while, still uses his own way to educate his daughters, such as sending a letter to home to remind his daughters to work hard. But, here, we have to mention Meg, Jo and Hannah, they are the beneficial assistants of the family education and their endeavor to family education can not be ignored.

Key words: Little Women; family education; personality; Louisa May Alcott

摘要

《小妇人》是路易莎•梅•奥尔科特最著名与最成功的一部作品。这本书准确地描述了马奇一家的幸福生活与愿望。也有人说这是一部记录马奇家四姐妹的成长史。这部小说的引人之处就在于它所描述的四姐妹的不同人格，并且她们中所发生的事都与我们的现实生活比较贴近。毫无疑问，马奇家的四姐妹也有她们的不足之处，但这都不能改变她们善良的本质。
通过对《小妇人》一书的解读，我们了解到是她们的家庭教育影响了她们不同却都美好的人格的形成。这也影响了她们不同的世界观、人生观和婚姻观。家庭教育在孩子的成长过程中扮演了一个很重要的角色。在这里，我要从两个不同的方面来分析家庭教育对人格形成的影响：家庭本身的环境和家庭教育方式。家庭环境为孩子的成长奠定了基础，同时也间接影响着她们人格的形成；而家庭教育方式是影响孩子人格形成的主要原因。这篇文章旨在强调家庭教育的意义及其对人格形成的影响。
家庭教育在《小妇人》一书中占有很大的比重。在马奇家，我们可以发现，马奇太太是家庭教育的主要教育者，她对四姐妹的成长有着直接的作用。马奇先生，尽管由于某些原因在文中出现较少，但他也用自己的方式来教育他的子女，例如在寄回家的信中提醒他的女儿辛勤劳动等。同时，我们也不得不提到梅格、乔和汉娜，她们都是家庭教育的有益补充者，同时也是不可缺少的部分。

关键字：《小妇人》；家庭教育；人格；路易莎•梅•奥尔科特