Abstract

The Call of the Wild is the most famous novel of Jack London. This novel is mainly about a dog called Buck growing from a pet to a sled dog till becoming a wild wolf. This thesis begins with a brief introduction to Jack London and his The Call of the Wild, and then makes an analysis of the collective unconsciousness vividly embodied in the dog Buck in terms of its awakening collective unconsciousness, its struggle between collective unconsciousness and individual consciousness, and the final recovery of its collective unconsciousness.

Key words: Buck, collective unconsciousness, The Call of the Wild

摘 要

《野性的呼唤》是杰克•伦敦最负盛名的小说。故事主要叙述一只强壮勇猛的狼狗巴克从人类文明社会回到狼群原始生活的过程。本文从简要介绍作家杰克•伦敦以及他的这部《野性的呼唤》着手，继而分别通过三个过程，即集体无意识的觉醒到集体无意识与个体意识之间的对抗直至集体无意识最终的回归，深入地剖析集体无意识在小说主人公巴克身上的生动体现。

关键词：巴克；集体无意识；《野性的呼唤》

1.    Introduction
Jack London, a predominant writer in the history of American literature, is deeply influenced by Marx, Friedrich, and Darwin. He was the first socialist writer in America, and he was also called “Father of proletariat literature” (Stone 1). Born in 1876 and died in 1916, Jack London led a rough life throughout his youth. He has ever been a pirate in San Francisco Bay, traveling the Far East on sealing expeditions and making his way across America as a tramp. And in 1897, Jack London left college to seek his fortune in the snowy North when the Klondike gold rush began. Although the gold rush did not make Jack London become rich, this adventure has furnished him with plenty of material for his career as a writer. He worked as a reporter, covering the Russo-Japanese War of 1904 and the Mexican Revolution in the 1910s. At the same time, he published over fifty books and became, at that time, America’s most famous author. It was said that Jack London embodied the spirit of the America West and his portrayal of adventure and frontier life seemed like a breath of fresh air seeping into people’s heart, for the nineteenth century Victorian fiction was always over-concerned with what had begun to seem like trivial and irrelevant social norms.