Abstract:

Thomas Hardy is an outstanding author of English critical realism in the 19th century. Jude the Obscure is his last and the best critical realist novel. The love tragedy and the mentality of Jude and Sue in this novel reflect their weak personality, the unreasonable capitalist education system and marriage, and their tragic fate which was inevitable in real life. This paper conducts the close study on the tragic fate of the protagonist. Based on the background, cultural and political significance of the social conflict of this novel, the novel criticizes the hypocrisy and brutality of that time. On the one hand, the weakness of their personality led to their tragedy. On the other hand, as long as the capitalist system, antiquated educational and marital system exist, they can never achieve their desired life. Finally the author wants people to re-examine  themselves and the social system so as to achieve the purpose of transforming society

Keywords: Jude the Obscure; tragedy; fate

摘  要： 

哈代是19世纪末英国一位杰出的批判现实主义作家。《无名的裘德》是其最后一部也是最好的一部批判现实主义的长篇小说。作品中主人公裘德和淑的爱情悲剧和心路历程，反映了他们人格的弱点，资本主义不合理的教育制度、婚姻制度，以及现实生活中的罪恶注定的他们不能逃脱的悲剧宿命。本文主要研究主人公的悲剧命运，通过小说的时代背景、文化和政治意义等社会冲突，批判当时社会的虚伪和冷酷。一方面，他们人格的弱点导致了他们的悲剧；另一方面，只要资本主义教育制度和陈旧的婚姻制度存在的一天，他们就注定不能实现理想。同时也希望人们能够重新认识自己和社会制度从而达到改造社会的目的。

关键词：《无名的裘德》；悲剧；宿命

1 Introduction
1.1 Introduction to Thomas Hardy
Hardy was born in Dorset in southwest England on June 2, 1840 near great wilderness, whose natural environment became the main background of his future works. His father was a stonemason, but he loved music very much. Hardy’s parents paid more attention to his culture and education. In 1856, Hardy left the school to serve as an apprentice to an architect for church repair work. He had extensive knowledge in philosophy, literature and science. It was due to a major discovery by the theory of evolution that he became a religious skeptic. In 1862, he went to London as architectural draftsman, and learned the language at the University of London. Then he began his literary creation. From 1869 to the late 19th century nearly 30 years, he created about 14 long novels and short stories near 50(Hardy, 1991: 440). So he was regarded as a pioneer in British literature.