摘要

《呼啸山庄》是英国十九世纪著名小说家艾米莉•勃朗特的唯一一部长篇小说，被西方评论家视为维多利亚时代最伟大的作品之一,同时奠定了作者在英国文学史以及世界文学史上的地位。《呼啸山庄》弥漫着一种既暴烈又多变，既真实又荒诞，既狂热又冷酷的奇特氛围。它通过描述凯瑟琳和希斯克利夫之间的爱情，展现了畸形社会中人性的变异：人性因扭曲而萌发的强烈复仇。本文艾米莉•勃朗特的生活的社会背景、家庭环境和个性特征方面出发，联系小说内容，深入探讨作者对现实坏境的感受，对家庭成员的情感，以及对爱情婚姻的看法，从而剖析作者的写作心理，以此试图从一个新的角度挖掘出《呼啸山庄》中尚未被挖掘的一些新的意蕴和内涵，使读者对艾米莉•勃朗特更深刻、更透彻的了解。

关键词： 艾米莉•勃朗特，社会背景，家庭环境，个性特性，写作心理

ABSTRACT

Wuthering Heights is the only novel written by British novelist Emily Bronte in nineteenth Century. It is regarded as one of the greatest works of Vitoria n Age by western critics, and meanwhile establishing the author’s status in the history of English literature and in the history of world literature. A strange atmosphere, violent and changeable, real and fantastic, wild and harsh, suffuses Wuthering Heights. Through the love between Catherine and Heathcliff, it shows the human’s variation of abnormal society--Strong revenge is germinated because of human’s distortions. This article, from the view of social background, family environment and personal characteristics of Emily Bronte's life, and contacting novel content, discuss the author’s sense of reality environment, the emotion to the family members, and the insight into human character, in order to analyze the author's writing psychology. From a new point of view, it attempts to to dig out some new meaning and connotation of Wuthering Heights, which has not yet been minding, and try to enable readers to be more deeply and thoroughly understanding to Emily Bronte.

Key words: Emily Bronte, social background, family environment, personal characteristic, writing psychology

1. Introduction
Lots of elements are significant, such as environmental influence, family education and personal talent, to any writer’s writing psychology. The psychological factors of the subjects have great influence on Literary works. The creative impulse is emerged according to the subject's needs and desires; work material is chosen according to the subject’s interest and intention; the theme of literary works is determined by the subject’s faith and ideal to a large extent; aesthetic is presented by the subject’s memory and experience.
Emily’s novel, Wuthering Heights (1847), a story-within-a-story, did not gain immediate success as Charlotte's Jane Eyre, but it has acclaimed later fame as one of the most intense novels written in the English language. This work, with the imagination of art, shows the oppression, tension and contradiction of human spirit in capitalist society. It has not any the idealism or any false consolation, and also there is no hint at all that struggle and action of humanity themselves have no ability to manipulate their power of fate.