摘要

美国作家杰罗姆•大卫•塞林格的小说《麦田里的守望者》全景式地展现了青少年的内心世界，细致入微地描写了主人公霍尔顿从青春期的纠结到融入社会的成长之旅，被誉为二十世纪美国文学的一部“现代经典”。本文试图以文本为分析基础，从成长的角度对以霍尔顿为代言人的青少年的性格特征进行剖析，通过他从憎恶虚伪﹑追求纯真直到最终屈从社会现实的心理历程，揭示二战后美国一代青少年孤寂﹑彷徨﹑痛苦的内心世界。霍尔顿复杂矛盾的精神世界在某种程度上反映了青春变化期青少年的特点，因而成年人也把它看作启发自己理解年轻一代的钥匙。

关键词：霍尔顿，战后美国青少年，矛盾心理，社会环境

Abstract
 
American writer J.D.Salinger’s novel The Catcher in the Rye, known as a “modern classic” in the twentieth century of the American literature history, shows a panoramic view of the inner world of young people, meticulously depicts Holden’s growth brigade from tangled spiritual world of adolescence to the social integration. This paper attempts to base the text from the perspective of growth in adolescents and analyzes Holden, who can be seen as the spokesperson of young generation to explain their personality traits through the United States after World War II. From his abhorrence to hypocrisy and the pursuit of psychological purity to eventually surrender to social reality, it reveals the lonely, wandering and painful mental world. Holden’s complex and contradictory spiritual world reflects the changes in the characteristics of young adolescents, which can also be understood by adults as the key to inspiring the young generation.

Key words: Holden, postwar American youth, ambivalence, social environment

1.    Introduction
 From the end of World War II to today’s contemporary American literature, The Catcher in the Rye has been considered a “modern classic”. As the sole voluminous novel written by the author, it was published by the American Teenager on a warm welcome, because it told their voices. In the early 1960s there have been two diametrically opposed views: one was celebration, another was severely criticism. But after the test of time, the book shares more and more attention of literary critics.
The Catcher in the Rye has been taken seriously, not only because the author has created a new style of art—through first-person narrative tone to speak to young people, but more importantly because the author uses realistic strokes, vivid and meticulously depicting a depressed and anxious middle-class children’s spiritual world, which exposed the true capitalist society spiritual essence. The novel took first person point of view and tells what the 16-year-old middle school student Holden Caulfield saw, heard and felt in two days’ time in New York City after being expelled from his boarding school, profoundly and objectively pointing out the problems which young people were faced of in their growth in the society after World War II.