摘要

    《赵氏孤儿》与《哈姆雷特》分别是中西方复仇文学的代表作。在同一复仇母题之下，两部作品由于所处时代背景和文化背景不同等原因存在很大的可比性。本文旨在对《哈姆雷特》和《赵氏孤儿》两部作品的差异进行比较研究。具体来说，包括分析两部作品在戏剧冲突描写，主要角色塑造，创作背景以及文学价值取向这几方面的不同，同时进一步探索造成这些差异的原因。

关键词：《哈姆雷特》,《赵氏孤儿》, 复仇文学，比较

Abstract

Orphan of Zhao and Hamlet are typical representatives of Chinese and Western revenge literature respectively. The two masterpieces are different from each other due to different historical and cultural backgrounds though they are under the same revenge theme. This paper mainly focuses on comparing and studying the differences between the two works. To be specific, it includes the following aspects: dramatic conflict, role’s character, culture background and literature value orientation. In addition, it also explores the underlying reasons causing these differences.

Key words: Hamlet，Orphan of Zhao，revenge literature, comparison

1. Introduction
Hamlet and Orphan of Zhao are two classic works of Western and Chinese revenge literature.  as Samuel Johnson points out: “Shakespeare is above all writers, at least all modern writers, the poet of nature; the poet that holds up to his readers a faithful mirror of manners and of life.” Shakespeare’s classical revenge tragedy — Hamlet is written in the year of 1601, when the Renaissance movement in Europe enters its later period, at the same time, Queen Elizabeth's reign in Britain is about to enter late stage. Hamlet is regarded as “the Mona Lisa of Literature”. It enjoys worldwide fame and becomes a representative of revenge literature. Orphan of Zhao, well-known as “Hamlet in China”, is written by Ji Junxiang in Yuan Dynasty. It is completed in the second half of 13th century, when China is in the decline of feudal society and Neo-Confucianism is the dominant ideology of the society. Under such a social context, according to the “history tales from Sima Qian’s Records of the Historian, and the New Annals and Garden of Tales of Liu Xiang”, Ji Junxiang creates the revenge story. Then in 18th century, it is translated and introduced to France and German by Voltaire and Goethe respectively. Orphan of Zhao is one of the earliest literary works introduced from China to Europe.