Abstract:

Jack London is a famous writer of Naturalism at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century in America. He owns a unique writing style, which usually makes nature the theme of his novels. The Call of the Wild is the most successful and representative novel of his works.
 This paper tends to focus on three periods of a lifetime of Buck——the protagonist of The Call of the Wild and reanalyze the novel from ecocritical perspective. Finally, this paper will draw a conclusion based on eco-criticism: In the first period, Buck was a pet dog. He lived a peaceful but boring life. He did everything that his master asked him to do and he had no freedom. This part showed the eco-critics’ opposition to anthropocentrism; In the second period, Buck became a labour dog and was treated cruelly by men. This part showed another aspect of eco-criticism: criticism of human nature at that time; In the last period, Buck turned into the wolfhound in the forest. He got rid of human society and owned a free life in nature. This part implied the persuit of eco-criticism: pursuit of harmonious coexistence of human and nature.

Key words: Jack London; The Call of the Wild; ecocriticism

摘要：

杰克•伦敦是19世纪末、20世纪初美国著名的现实主义作家，他的写作风格独特，经常以自然为创作主题，《野性的呼唤》是他最为成功和具有代表性的的作品。
 本文将立足于研究《野性的呼唤》中主人公巴克一生经历的三段不同时期并从生态批评的角度对小说进行重新解读，最终基于生态批评得出结论：在第一阶段，巴克是一只宠物狗。他过着平静却单调的生活。他做着他的主人要求他做的一切事情，毫无自由。这部分凸显生态批评家对人类中心主义的反对；第二阶段，巴克成为了一只劳工狗，受到人类的虐待。这部分介绍生态批评的另一种观点：对当时的人性的批判；在最后一阶段，巴克成为了森林之狼。他摆脱了人类社会，在自然界中拥有了自由的生活。这部分表达生态批评的追求：对人与自然和谐共处的追求。

关键词：杰克•伦敦; 《野性的呼唤》; 生态批评