Abstract: 

Henry David Thoreau is a famous American literary giant of the nineteenth century, the precursor of the ecological thoughts. This thesis focuses on ecological thoughts in Walden. The first part introduces the background information of the thesis. The second part elaborates Thoreau’s ecological thoughts, which are the main part of the whole thesis. The last part makes further analysis of influences of Thoreau’s ecological thoughts. Last, the author draws a conclusion. This thesis tries to analyze ecological wisdom in Walden for the book sheds light on the spiritual construction of self-realization and it also helps humans to choose the right life styles. The most important thing is that Thoreau’s ecological thoughts provide a way for people to deal with nature appropriately.

Key words: Walden, Ecological Thoughts; Self-realization

摘要：

亨利•大卫•梭罗是十九世纪美国著名的文学巨匠之一，生态主义文学的先驱。本文阐明梭罗的生态思想。首先，文章分析了论文选题背景信息，接着阐述了梭罗生态思想的内涵，这是全文的重点。在此基础上作者进一步分析了梭罗生态思想的影响。最后，总结全文。通过梭罗的生态思想的解读，发掘其中的生态智慧，不仅有助于人类精神自我实现的建设，也有利于人类生活方式的选择，更重要的是梭罗的生态思想为正确处理好人与自然关系指明了方向。

关键词：《瓦尔登湖》;生态思想;自我实现

1. Introduction
Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862), one of the most famous American nature writers, environmental scientist, was born in Concord, Massachusetts. He was considered as “One of outstanding and productive writers of the nineteenth century” (Buell, 2011:75). His masterpiece, Walden, was published in 1854. It describes Thoreau’s sojourn in a cabin beside the Walden Lake where he stayed for more than two years. Thoreau’s literary perspectives come to vivid natural observation, personal practices, symbolic meanings, and historical lore; while displaying a poetic sensibility, and philosophical austerity.He wrote enormous essays and numerous journals and published over 20 volumes. The famous literary critic，Robert F. Sayre (2007) argued that Walden is one of the American’s natural books, an individual declaration of independence at once, social practice, voyage of spiritual happiness, manual of self-reliance, and masterpiece of style.