Abstract:

White Fang is the masterpiece of Jack London, one of the greatest realistic writers in American. He is honoured as the father of proletarian literature. This is an analytical study of the consciousness of survival in White Fang. It tells us the tough vitality of White Fang by showing its living experience. And then Jack London expressed the consciousness which exists in White Fang and the importance of the consciousness of survival.

Key words: White Fang; Jack London; consciousness of survival

摘要：

《白牙》是美国著名作家杰克 • 伦敦的代表作品，他是美国著名现实主义作家，被誉为“无产阶级文学之父”。本文通过对《白牙》这部作品中白牙的生存经历的描写，来突出白牙生命力的顽强，从而展现生存意识在《白牙》中的体现和生存意识对于生命的存在意义。

关键词：《白牙》；杰克 • 伦敦；生存意识

1. Introduction
1.1 Introduction to the Writer and His Works
In the long history of American literature, many famous writers sprang up. During the ending of American Civil War to the First World War, the American literature tended to the rising of realism and the fading of romanticism. After the 80s and 90s, the contradiction between labor and capital gradually deteriorated and the social issue gotten sharper. The writers felt anxious about the future of American society and they started to reflect those issues from their works. As a result, the realism became the mainstream literature.
Jack London was one of the most famous writers of the realistic literature and was known as the father of the proletarian literature. He was born in 1876, in the American State of California. At the age of fifteen, he left home to travel around North America, living the life of a tramp. Then he decided to study at the University of California. Jack London left university because he was caught up in the excitement of the gold rush in the 1890s. At that time, gold had been discovered in the River Klondike, in the Yukon Territory of Northwest Canada. Thirty thousand people traveled to this area , hoping to make their fortunes. Dawson was the town that grew up around the gold hunters and it is still the main town of this region. Unfortunately, Jack London came back with no gold at all.