摘 要
   
美国传奇“遁世”作家，杰罗姆•大卫•塞林格的著名长篇小说《麦田里的守望者》被认为是二十世纪美国文学的经典作品之一。小说讲述了中学生霍尔顿•考尔菲德从离开学校到曼哈顿游荡的三天时间里发生的故事。本文旨在从分析作者创作的动机入手解读小说中的“成长”主题。对作者创作动机的解读分为内、外动机两个部分。同时对小说中“成长”主题的解读也包含了三个部分：导致成长开始的影响因素，成长中遇到的烦恼以及获得自我救赎的方式。作为成长小说题材的代表作品之一，《麦田里的守望者》向成年人提供了一把了解青少年内心世界的钥匙，同时指引着青少年如何去探索生活的意义。

关键词：成长；动机；影响因素；困惑；自我救赎

ABSTRACT

The famous full-length novel The Catcher in the Rye written by Jerome David Salinger, the American Literary Recluse, is regarded as one of the classic works of American literature in 20th century. It tells a story of the three-day wondering life of a 16-year-old student named Holden Caulfield after he was expelled from school. Starting with the research on motivations of creation, this thesis intends to analyze the theme of growth in the novel. The motivations can be analyzed from two aspects, the internal and external motivations. Meanwhile, the analysis on the theme of growth in this novel includes three parts: the factors of the beginning of the growth, the sort of confusions of growth and the way of self-salvation of growth. As a piece of representative work of initiation story, The Catcher in the Rye provides a key to comprehend the mental world of the teenagers and it also guides them how to figure out the meaning of life.

Key Words: Growth; motivation; factor; confusion; self-salvation
 
Chapter One Introduction
    Jerome David Salinger (hereafter J.D. Salinger) is an American writer, who was born in a rich Jewish family in 1919 and passed away in 2010 at the age of 91. J.D. Salinger was sent to a military school in Pennsylvania at the age of 15 by his father. When he was in New York, J.D. Salinger began to contribute to magazines. He wrote mostly for earning money, but some of his works were very wonderful, such as A Perfect Day for Bananafish. According to the study which mainly introduces the life of J.D Salinger in J.D Salinger: A Life Raised High , J.D. Salinger stopped writing during the period of World WarⅡ.He joined the army in 1942 and then went to the battlefields of Europe to take up the counterintelligence. He wrote a number of stories on the topic of wars later for his fear of wars.