摘 要

美国南北战争以后，战败的南方经济急剧衰退，种族矛盾激化，新旧力量交替。战争带来的巨变让一向骄傲的南方人受挫，却又不得不面对北方现代工业文明对南方文化传统的冲击。正是这种挫败感和无奈感造就了南方人独特的心理状态。这一时期，南方文学应运而生。威廉•福克纳，则是南方文学的代表。他通过小说再现了当时南方的真实情景，表达了他作为南方人复杂的情感。《献给艾米丽的玫瑰》是福克纳的代表作之一，该小说通过叙述一个南方小镇上发生的故事反映了美国南方内战后的变化，展现了福克纳自身以及南方人对南方传统的爱恨交织的情感。本文将分析福克纳对南方文化传统的批判和眷恋在小说中的体现，并对福克纳矛盾的南方情结进行具体的研究。研究发现，一方面，福克纳深深热爱着南方这片土地，深切的缅怀昔日南方的辉煌，并且对南方传统美德和南方精神有着浓浓的眷恋之情。另一方面，福克纳超越自身的情感，敢于探索他所热爱的旧南方中存在的问题和糟粕，批判加尔文主义下南方传统的罪恶。

关键词：南方文化传统；南方情结；眷恋；批判

ABSTRACT

After American Civil War, the economy of the defeated South declined sharply. In the meantime, its racial tensions escalated and the old power was alternated by a new one. The huge changes the war brought depressed the southerners who had been always proud. But they had to face the impacts of the Northern modern industrial civilization on their old southern cultural tradition. It was the feeling of depression and helplessness that caused southerners’ special psychology. At the right moment, the southern literature was born. William Faulkner is one of the representatives. He reproduces the real situation of the South at that time, expressing his complex affections as a southerner. A Rose for Emily is one of Faulkner’s master works. It narrates a short story happening in a small southern town to reflect the South change after the Civil War, presenting Faulkner himself and the southerners’ love-hate affections to southern tradition. This paper will study and analyze Faulkner’s paradoxical southern complex via Faulkner’s criticism and attachment to the southern cultural tradition in the novel. Through researches, there are some findings in this article. On one hand, Faulkner deeply loves the South. He recalls the glorious past of the South and has a strong attachment to the southern cultural tradition. On the other hand, transcending his own feelings, he bravely explores the problem and dross in the old South he loves and criticizes the evils of the southern old tradition under Calvinism.

Key words: Southern cultural tradition, southern complex, attachment, criticism