摘 要

《阿Q 正传》与《堂吉诃德》是两部属于不同时代但人物形象极为相似的悲喜剧作品。其中的主人公阿Q和堂吉诃德都希望成为生活的强者，但实际上都是被欺凌的弱者，却又以精神胜利法或积极乐观的态度来对待自己的屡战屡败。《阿Q正传》是辛亥革命的一面镜子，生活在中西方文化夹层中的阿Q，沦为了资产阶级革命的牺牲品；《堂吉诃德》是近代欧洲现实主义长篇小说的发轫之作，堂吉诃德被当做骑士精神和英雄主义的回光返照。阿Q 和堂吉诃德是集悲剧性和喜剧性于一体的人物形象，他们都具有自认为正当合理的民族思想内核和“可笑可怜”的行为性格特征。鲁迅和塞万提斯•萨维德拉采用诙谐、夸张的艺术手法使作品的喜剧效果表现得淋漓尽致，展现了中国与西班牙的民族文化中的疮疤。两部作品既相互区别,又紧密联系，同时作品中所包涵的精神能引起人们对整个民族、整个时代的深思。

关键词：文化；阿Q；堂吉诃德；精神胜利法

ABSTRACT

The True Story of Ah Q and Don Quixote are two classic tragic-comedy works with similar characters, from different eras. Ah Q and Don Quixote both have the characters of simplicity and sincerity; they both want to be strong, but actually fall into the brackets of the weak being bullied. In the same way, they treat their failures with the spirit of victory. The True Story of Ah Q is a mirror of the Revolution of 1911 and Ah Q is doomed to be a victim of different cultures; Don Quixote is a masterpiece of Modern European realists. The novel of Don Quixote is considered as an abrupt spurt of activity prior to the collapse of Knight Spirit and heroism. It is safe to say that Ah Q and Don Quixote are the harmony of tragic-comedy character and comic-tragedy character. They have a legitimate ideological kernel and ridiculous pathetic character traits. Lu Xun and Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra adopted artistic techniques of humor and exaggeration to make comedy works reach the extremes thoroughly and deeply. The two masterpieces are different as well as closely linked; both are able to draw wide attention and profound thoughts of the peoples, even the whole nation of that era.

Key words: Culture; Ah Q; Don Quixote; the Spirit of Victory