摘 要
   
《圣经》是西方文化的源泉，它对西方文学作品的创作产生了极大的影响。许多西方作者充分利用圣经中的意象、情节、主题以及基督精神。约翰•斯坦贝克对圣经典故有深刻的理解并将它们运用到作品当中。本论文主要从原型批评视角详述《愤怒的葡萄》，以探究小说的主题思想—从个人主义到集体主义的转变，以及帮助读者理解破产农民如何变为积极奋斗的工人。只有认清了原型意象，读者才有可能真正了解这部小说的独特意义，进而探讨小说的深刻内涵。本文首先简要地介绍了《愤怒的葡萄》的研究现状，继而论述这部小说的故事情节和原型批评理论，之后重点论述人物、意象以及叙述结构原型。本研究发现，首先，耶稣基督，容忍大众的困苦和献身人类的“替罪羔羊”，是吉姆凯西的圣经原型；其次，随着故事情节的发展，“葡萄”的象征意义也随之变化：象征着千百万受压迫的劳苦大众，象征着丰饶和希望，象征着愤怒与复仇；最后，俄克拉荷马逃荒移民的苦难旅程与“上帝的选民”以色列人的大迁徙之间的联系。通过研究，旨在帮助读者了解到大萧条时代贫苦农民背井离乡的悲惨生活，洞悉圣经与文学之间的联系以及鼓励读者能以虔诚和认真的态度去涉及并了解圣经。

关键词：《愤怒的葡萄》；约翰•斯坦贝克；原型批评；原型

ABSTRACT
   
The Bible is the inspiration of western literary and has had a huge impact on western literature. Numerous western writers make the best of images, plots, themes and the dominical spirit in the Bible. John Steinbeck has a profound comprehension of biblical allusions and applies them into his works. This paper focuses on the biblical archetypes of The Grapes of Wrath from the perspective of archetypal criticism in order to probe into the theme -- changing from individualism to collectivism and assist readers in comprehending how insolvent farmers turn into active workers. Only through a greater understanding of archetypal images can readers understand the special meaning and the profound connotation of this novel. This paper begins with a brief introduction of the research status of The Grapes of Wrath, and then the synopsis of it as well as archetypal criticism, and finally clarifies the archetypes in characters, images and narrative structure. This paper finds that Jesus Christ, the scapegoat who sacrifices for human beings and suffers the public's troubles, is the archetype of Jim Casy. It also finds that with the development of plots, the meaning of "grapes" changes from "Thousands of toiling masses", "Opulent hope" to "Pain, anger and revenge". In addition, this paper also finds that there is a connection between the long trek of Oklahoma's immigrants and great migrant of Israelites. This paper aims to help readers to understand miserable life of farmers who have left their native places during the Great Depression and comprehend the close relation between the Bible and literature and then encourages them to try to touch upon the Bible with pious and earnest attitudes.

Key words: The Grapes of Wrath; John Steinbeck; archetypal criticism; archetypes