Abstract

Naturalism has played an important role in American literature. It came from France in the 19th century and Zola was one of the most important representatives of the naturalism. “The Call of The Wild” has completely revealed Jack London’s perspective of naturalism, and he was also recognized as one of the most outstanding writers at that time. This paper begins from the origins and development of the naturalism to study the naturalism in American literature. Jack London reflected the desire of people to live in harmony with nature as well.
This paper is mainly composed of three parts: introduction, body and conclusion. The section introduces Jack London’s influence on American naturalism and the novel's main plot. The body part consists of three chapters. The first chapter describes the origin and development of naturalism and its impact on Jack London’s writing. The second chapter reflects naturalism in “The Call of the Wild”. The third chapter mainly introduces the two aspects involved in “The Call of The Wild”.

Key words: naturalism; Jack London; Buck; “The Call of The Wild”

摘要

自然主义文学作为西方文学的一个流派产生于19世纪下半叶的法国，19世纪末和20世纪初传至欧美和世界各国。左拉是重要的代表作家之一。《野性的呼唤》最充分地表达了杰克•伦敦自然主义的观点，杰克•伦敦被公认为自然主义最伟大的代表作家之一。本文从自然主义的起源以及发展来探索以巴克为主人公的《野性的呼唤》中的自然主义观。巴克的生存经历反映了达尔文“物竞天择，适者生存”的哲学观点。在小说中，巴克为了生存，不择手段，最终获得领头狗的位置。同时，杰克•伦敦在小说中也反映了人要与自然和谐相处的愿望。
本文主要由导论，正文和结论三部分组成。导论部分介绍杰克•伦敦的创作特点，小说的主要情节，以及小说给杰克•伦敦本人和当代美国文学带来的影响。正文部分主要由三章构成：第一章介绍自然主义的起源及发展和它对杰克•伦敦写作带来的影响；第二章主要通过分析小说情节来解析自然主义在《野性的呼唤》中的体现；第三章主要写《野性的呼唤》中的两大表现。

关键词:自然主义；杰克•伦敦；巴克；《野性的呼唤》