Abstract

As one of the most legendary novelist of the twentieth century, Jack London has always been remembered for his short stories coping romantically with the overwhelming power of nature and the struggle for survival. He wrote passionately and prolifically about the great questions of life and death, the struggle to survive and to maintain integrity. His masterpiece, The Call of the Wild, which is particularly fascinating, tells the story of Buck， who starts as a tamed dog in the sun-kissed south but responds eventually to the call of the wild as a wolf after all the trials and tribulations as a sled dog in the primitive north.
This thesis, by tracing Buck's reconstruction of his identity through deserting the old image and cultivating a new one to return to the wild, tries to prove that the world is very often like a primitive jungle, in which all beings who want to exist must follow the “Jungle Law” and reconstruct their identity according to the changing environment, just as Buck does.
The complex experience of Buck’s struggle for survival is the main factor to make the novel perpetual. The tough path Buck goes through is a reflection of American social reality in the 20th century and it shows the Klondike Gold Rush Age in American history. Knowing Buck’s struggle for living is crucial to the understanding of the writer’s viewpoints and the social background.

Keywords:  The Call of the Wild; Buck; Wildness; Survival

摘要

杰克.伦敦是二十世纪最富有传奇色彩的小说家之一。他的短篇小说以描写自然的狂野伟力与生物的艰苦生存而备受读者欢迎。他多部作品都饱含热情的讨论着一些生命和死亡的问题，追求生存和维护正义的斗争。作为其短篇小说的经典之作,《野性的呼唤》以“巴克”为主角,讲述了这只南方养尊处优的家狗在经历了严寒残酷的北方环境后最终响应自然的呼唤回到荒野的历程。
本文通过追溯巴克抛弃旧自我、萌发新自我，从而回归野性的过程,揭示出自然的冷漠与竞争的无情,进而以此为侧面,映射人类所面临的相同困境,物竞天择,适者生存,每一个生命个体都必须像巴克一样,遵循丛林法则,不断更新重建自我身份以适应多变的环境。
狗主人公巴克复杂的生存斗争经历是作品长盛不衰的原因之一。巴克艰苦卓绝的生存道路，生动地反映了作者所处时代的美国社会的现实，再现了美国历史上的克朗代克淘金热。了解它的生存斗争之旅是我们解读作者思想观点和该小说社会背景的关键。

关键词：《野性的呼唤》; 巴克; 野性; 生存