Abstract

Gulliver's Travels and Animal Farm are both allegorical novels using satire. The former is a novel written by Jonathan Swift. Swift satirizes the vices of English ruling class and uses raging words to criticize these evils fiercely in order to achieve the effect of satire. Animal Farm is one of the most important novels written by George Orwell. Orwell satirizes the system of the Soviet Union in the form of allegory, but the satire is presented in calm words. In the book, Orwell only speaks with the facts, describes the facts with metaphor, but there is also a strong sense of satire. The two ways of satire seem similar but actually have a great comparability.
This paper begins with the two authors and their works to explore the similarities and differences of satire in the two books. It consists of three parts. It firstly introduces the different social backgrounds which Jonathan Swift and George Orwell live and summaries the main contents of the two books. Secondly it focuses on the different points of satire between the two books such as the use of language and the methods of satire. Then it aims at finding out the similar points of satire among the differences. Finally, it makes a conclusion that although the satire between Gulliver's Travels and Animal Farm is different in style, the satire and criticism in the real world is the same.

Key words: Gulliver's Travels; Animal Farm; satire; irony

摘  要

《格列佛游记》与《动物庄园》都是带有讽刺意义的寓言小说。前者是乔纳森•斯威夫特的名著。斯威夫特在书中讽刺英国统治集团及其恶行，运用“狂怒”的文字，激烈地抨击这些罪恶以达到疯狂的讽刺效果。《动物庄园》是乔治•奥威尔的一部主要作品。以寓言的形式讽刺与影射苏联的社会制度，但这种讽刺是建构在平静的文字板块之中。在作品中，奥威尔只用事实来说话，用比喻来行文与描写，而在比喻中又蕴含着强烈的讽刺。两种看似相似却又截然不同的讽刺手法具有极大的可比性。
本文将从两本著作的作者以及背景介绍，内容梗概分析开始着手，探寻所用讽刺手法的相同点和不同点。文章总共分为三个部分：第一个部分介绍乔纳森•斯威夫特和乔治•奥威尔所生活的年代的社会背景并概述两本小说的主要内容，由此分析写作目的；第二部分着重从运用了讽刺手法的段落分析两本书在讽刺手法运用上的不同点比如语言的应用和讽刺的方法；第三部分旨在从两个作者不同的讽刺手法中找出相同点。结论认为《格列佛游记》和《动物庄园》两本书中的讽刺虽然在手法上有所不同，但是它们对现实的讽刺和批判却是一致的。

关键词: 《格列佛游记》；《动物庄园》；讽刺手法；反讽