Abstract

Hamlet is one of Shakespeare’s Four Tragedies, and it’s also known as Prince’s Revenge Record. In this drama, Hamlet, as the Prince of Denmark, was very angry when he knew his father was killed by his uncle from his father’s ghost and then he made a lengthy revenge plan. Although the revenge succeeded, the whole drama eventually ended in tragedy. Choosing the process of Hamlet’s revenge in the drama as the entry point, this thesis uses some specific examples in Hamlet to analyze and explain the dramatic irony. And it also states the differences between a speaker’s intention and a hearer’s perception and interprets the misunderstanding and ironic effect causing by the difference. Next, the author will take Austin’s Speech Act Theory as a theoretical framework to analyze the specific expression and significance of dramatic irony.
This article is divided into three chapters. The first chapter briefly introduces dramatic irony’s definition, development history, basic features and functions. And the author further explains dramatic irony through comparing dramatic irony with irony; in the second chapter, the author simply describes the content of Hamlet and states the specific representation of dramatic irony in Hamlet; the third chapter mainly talks about the basic principles of pragmatics, the development of Speech Act Theory and its application. And it analyzes the dramatic irony in Hamlet from the perspectives of Speech Act Theory in detail.

Key words: dramatic irony, Hamlet, pragmatics

摘  要

《哈姆雷特》是莎士比亚的“四大悲剧”之一，又称“王子复仇记”，在该戏剧中，哈姆雷特是丹麦的王子，当他从死去父王的鬼魂口中得知是叔叔杀死了他的父亲后十分气愤，于是他有了一个漫长的复仇计划，虽然复仇取得了成功，但整个戏剧最终以悲剧收场。文章先以戏剧中哈姆雷特复仇的过程为切入点，以《哈姆雷特》中的具体事例来对戏剧反讽进行解读，并解释由说话者的意图与听话者的感知所产生的差距，以及这种差距导致的误解和由此而产生的反讽效果；其次本文作者将会以Austin的言语行为理论作为理论框架，来分析戏剧反讽具体的表现和意义。
本文分为三个章节。第一章主要介绍戏剧反讽的含义、发展史、基本特点和作用，并且作者通过戏剧反讽与反讽的对比来进一步阐释戏剧反讽；在第二章中，作者简述了《哈姆雷特》的主要内容和其中戏剧反讽的具体表现；第三章主要阐述了语用学的基本原则、言语行为理论的发展及其运用方式，并从言语行为理论的角度来对《哈姆雷特》中的戏剧反讽进行详细分析。

关键词:戏剧反讽；《哈姆雷特》；语用学