Abstract

Thomas Hardy is prominent for pessimistic and fatalistic thoughts in his works. In Jude the Obscure, Hardy denounces unfair and unreasonable education and marriage system in the Victorian society by describing Jude’s unfulfilled ambitions, Jude’s unconventional love with Sue and Sue’s yielding to social conventions.
This paper intends to analyze Hardy’s fatalistic thoughts in this novel by three parts. The first part mainly presents a brief introduction to Jude the Obscure and its author Thomas Hardy. The second part is the body of this paper, analyzing fatalism in this novel by examples. Then, the third part explains the factors leading to Hardy’s fatalistic thoughts from social reasons and his life experience.
To scrutinize fatalistic thoughts in this novel, the author of this paper collects and examines numerous materials concerning this novel, its author and fatalism. This paper shows that for Hardy, people are powerless when confronting fate, that everything has destined. Just like Jude and Sue, they all fight against injustice and prejudice, but are doomed to fail because society overpowers individuals.
This paper tries to be helpful in enriching analysis of fatalism in Jude the Obscure, helping readers develop a further understanding of fatalistic thoughts in Hardy’s works and his relentless criticism toward the Victorian society.

Key words: Jude the Obscure; fatalism; unfulfilled ambitions; tragic

摘  要

托马斯•哈代以其作品中的的悲观主义宿命论而著称。在《无名的裘德》中，哈代通过描写裘德的壮志未遂、裘德和淑之间违反社会习俗的爱情、淑向社会习俗妥协，来批判维多利亚社会的不公正和不合理的教育和婚姻制度。
本论文共分成三个部分来分析这部小说中的宿命论。第一部分主要介绍《无名的裘德》这部小说，以及其作者托马斯•哈代。第二部分是本论文的主体部分，举例分析了宿命论在此小说中的体现。第三部分是从社会因素和作者的生活经历分析哈代宿命论思想的形成。
为了分析此小说的宿命论思想，本论文作者收集且研究了与此小说，其作者及宿命论的相关资料。对于哈代来说，人在与命运抗衡时，是无能为力的，任何事都是事先注定的。就像裘德和淑，他们与不公和偏见抗衡，但他们注定是失败的，因为社会力量是大于个人力量的。
本论文希望对于丰富《无名的裘德》中的宿命论的研究有所帮助，让读者对哈代作品中的宿命论思想及其对维多利亚社会无情的抨击有着更为深入的了解。

关键词:《无名的裘德》；宿命论；壮志未遂；悲剧的