Abstract

Thomas Hardy was an English novelist and poet in the late of 19th century. Jude the Obscure is the last full-length novel of Thomas Hardy. Through the detailed description to Jude’s hard living condition and frustrated experience, this novel states that being the first hero, how did Jude under the influence of surroundings and the pressure of reality, step by step, to give up his dream, to recognize the "destiny", to finish a meaningless life part alone. A series of Hardy’s novels called “environmental character novel". This article will use an interdisciplinary research perspective to understand Jude the Obscure, and analyzes how the surroundings impact characters psychologically in the growth.
This paper is divided into four parts. Firstly, it briefly introduces Thomas Hardy and his main works, providing readers with background knowledge and environmental impacts for the later character of the foundation. Secondly, it describes the definition of environmental psychology and characteristics of environment-behavior relationships theory. And then, the main part, discusses in detail, how social factors influence the character of Jude in Jude the Obscure, which focuses on social and environmental factors stimulating effects. The last section presents the results of this research, under the physical environment, how the social men passively and actively grow up.

Key words: Thomas Hardy; environmental psychology; novels of characters and environment

摘  要

托马斯•哈代是十九世纪末英国文学家。《无名的裘德》是哈代最后一部长篇小说。小说讲述了裘德作为第一主人公，他是如何在周围人的影响下以及现实的打压下，一步一步放弃理想，承认“命运”——孤独的地过完无意义的一生。哈代的一系列小说被称为“环境性格小说”，本文将运用跨学科的研究视角解读《无名的裘德》，分析小说中环境对人物心理成长的影响。
本文分为四个部分。首先，简单介绍作者托马斯•哈代及其主要作品，为读者提供了知识背景。其次，主要阐述了环境心理学的定义以及环境—行为关系的特征。接下来是文章的主要部分，详细探讨了《无名的裘德》中社会环境因素对裘德性格转变的影响，其中着重于社会环境因素的刺激作用。最后一部分提出了本论文的研究成果，在周遭环境的影响下，社会人是如何主动和被动地成长。
 
关键词：托马斯哈代；环境心理学；性格与环境小说