Abstract

Gulliver’ s Travels is a masterpiece of Jonathan Swift, one of the greatest satirical writers in Britain in the 18th century. Gulliver’ s Travels is known for its epitomizing satire style. In this paper, the author mainly discusses the art of satire and his connotation in Swift’ s Gulliver’ s Travels. Firstly, it is an allegorical novel, Swift makes the best use of satiric ways such as irony, contrast and exaggeration to allude and criticize social evils and corruption in Britain and Europe. Those reflect his current and political disappointment. Besides, by making stories be a composite of reality and fiction, Swift describes various Gulliver’ s bizarre experience to attempt to pursue Utopia. So, this paper considers Gulliver’ s Travels is not only a literary work but also an experimental novel of political system. On the basis of satire, this paper analyzes Gulliver’ s voyage in Lilliput, Brobdingnag, Laputa, Balnibarbi, Luggnagg, Glubbdubdrib, Japan and Houyhnhnms in order to elucidate satiric significance and reveal the limitations of the political systems and fallen humanity in all these countries. For the defects and evils that exist in capitalist societies, this paper applies corresponding and necessary measures.

Key words: Gulliver’ s Travels；satire；political systems 

摘  要

《格列佛游记》是18世纪英国伟大讽刺作家斯威夫特的代表作。此书被人们称为作者的讽刺手法的集大成之作。本文主要讨论斯威夫特的著名小说《格列佛游记》的讽刺艺术和思想内涵。首先，它是讽喻体小说，斯威夫特运用了诸如反讽，对比，夸张等讽刺手法来影射和批判当时英国和欧洲黑暗的腐败的社会现实，反映出斯威夫特对现实社会的失望。此外，斯威夫特运用虚实结合的创作手法，描写了格列佛在游记中的种种离奇遭遇，他开始尝试寻找理想的社会。所以，本文认为，《格列佛游记》不仅是一部讽刺文学作品，也是一部政治体制的实验小说。本文通过分析格列佛在利立浦特，布罗卜丁奈格，勒皮他，巴尔尼巴比，拉格奈格，格勒大锥，日本以及慧骃国的游历历程，在讽刺手法运用的基础上，阐明了《格列佛游记》的讽刺意义，揭示出各个国家的政治体制的局限性和人性的弱点。针对资本主义社会的某些弊病，吸取教训，给出了相应的建议。

关键词:格列佛游记；讽刺；政体