Abstract

Utopia represents the best society in the human ideology, such as “utopian socialism” appearing first in Western literature in the 16th century. It has spawned other concepts, most prominently dystopia. Although in China, the word “utopia” seems to be well known, people's attitudes are different toward the pursuit of utopia. This article takes Thomas More's Utopia, a masterpiece of utopian literature, and Aldous Huxley's Brave New World, a masterpiece of dystopia literature, as examples to analyze their similarities and differences on utopian ideas, on the basis of which the dialectical relationship of utopia and dystopian literature is discussed.
This article is divided into four chapters. The first chapter introduces the definition and origin of utopia and dystopia, utopian literature and its impact; the second chapter introduces Thomas More's Utopia and illustrates the embodiment of utopian thought in this novel; the third chapter introduces Aldous Huxley's Brave New World and analyzes dystopian social structure mentioned in the book; The fourth chapter deals with the similarities and differences of utopian ideas in these two books; The thesis finally concludes that relation between utopian literature and dystopian literature is both opposition and unification.

Key words: Utopia; Utopia; Dystopia; Brave New World

摘  要

乌托邦代表着人类思想意识中最美好的社会，比如最早出现在16世纪的西方文学作品中的“空想社会主义”。乌托邦也产生了其他一些思想，其中最重要的是反乌托邦思想。虽然“乌托邦”一词在我国似乎早已为人所熟知，但对“乌托邦”理想的追求,人们的态度却不尽相同。本论文以乌托邦文学的代表作托马斯•莫尔的小说《乌托邦》和反乌托邦文学的代表作奥尔德斯•赫胥黎的小说《美丽新世界》为例，对比分析两部作品中的乌托邦思想，论证乌托邦文学与反乌托邦文学的辩证关系。
本文共分四章。第一章介绍乌托邦与反乌托邦的定义、起源，乌托邦文学及其影响。第二章介绍托马斯•莫尔的《乌托邦》，并就乌托邦思想在小说中的具体体现方式进行阐释；第三章简要介绍奥尔德斯•赫胥黎的《美丽新世界》，并对其中描述的反乌托邦式社会结构进行分析；第四章为对比分析两部作品中乌托邦思想表现的异同；最后的结论指出乌托邦文学和反乌托邦文学之间的关系既是对立也是统一的。

关键词：乌托邦；《乌托邦》；反乌托邦；《美丽新世界》