Abstract

Robinson Crusoe is the masterpiece of British writer Daniel Defoe in the 18th century, which is regarded as the first true novel in literary history of Europe. Robinson Crusoe is based on a true story with a lot of fictional creation by Daniel Defoe. It tells the story that a man named Robinson Crusoe sought wealth and was trapped in the middle of the Island, finally made a lot of fortune and successfully escaped from the Island and returned home.
In this paper, after reviewing both Chinese and Foreign literatures, the author found that most of the scholars study it from the reflective spirit of realism, colonialism and bourgeois, but seldom interpret the puritan spirits reflected in Robinson Crusoe. As a Puritan, Defoe with his novel can reflect many unique Puritanism. Paul Hunter thinks that Robinson Crusoe reflects the Puritan view of human being in a very profound level: an individual life to describe the process of human rebellion, punishment, repenting and salvation. Therefore, this paper interprets Robinson Crusoe from the perspective of the Puritan spirit, and the author aims at opening a new window for us to further understand this world literary classic. The paper has five chapters: the part of introduction draws forth Defoe's writing background and the religious influence to Defoe in writing; the second part is about the formation of Robinson’s religion; the third and forth part are respectively concerning the adventure and exploring spirit in Puritan spirit; the last part draws a conclusion that the religious belief acts as the guidance and restraint to human behaviors at Defoe’s time.

Key words: Robinson Crusoe; Puritan spirits; adventures; explorations

摘  要

《鲁滨逊漂流记》是18世纪英国作家丹尼尔.笛福的代表作，也是整个欧洲文学史上第一部真正意义上的小说。《鲁滨逊漂流记》是笛福在真人真事的基础上加入大量虚构创作而成的，讲述主人公鲁滨逊.克鲁索孤身一人在海上冒险求财，中途被困荒岛，最后积累了大量财物并顺利脱险归家的故事。
本文在搜集查阅中外文献资料时发现大多数学者主要从其反映出的现实主义、殖民主义和资产阶级精神方面对其进行研究。很少从宗教角度对书中所反映出的清教徒精神进行研究。笛福作为一名清教徒，在他的小说中可以反映出许多独特的清教徒精神。保尔.亨特认为《鲁滨逊漂流记》在一个非常深刻的层面上体现了清教对人类的看法：通过某一个体的生活历程来描述人类的反叛，受罚，忏悔和得救的过程。 因此，本文通过以清教徒精神为视角来解读《鲁滨逊漂流记》，笔者旨在为我们进一步理解这部世界文学名著打开一扇新的窗口。文章分为五部分：引言导出笛福的写作背景以及宗教对笛福写作中的影响；第二部分鲁滨逊宗教观的形成；第三部分清教徒精神的冒险精神；第四部分清教徒精神的探索精神；结语部分对整个文章进行了总结，即宗教信仰在笛福所处的时代对人类行为中所起到的引导和约束作用。

关键词：《鲁滨逊漂流记》；清教徒精神；冒险；探索