Abstract

The key point of ecological literature lies in “ecology”, which is different from the traditionally natural description—nature is the tool for author to express feelings. On the contrary, ecological literature is a kind of literature that represents the relationship between mankind and the nature, and is the product in the background of ecological crisis. In addition, ecological holism focuses on the ecosystem integrity and intensely criticizes anthropocentrism that regards man as the subject, playing a decisive role in the construction of an ecological society. On the ground of the ecological holism theory, the paper is intended to discuss how to relieve the ecological crisis and set up an ecological society combined with the present social background, through the analysis of natural, character description and theme about the novel O Pioneers written by Willa Cather.
First of all, this paper simply concludes the opinions of other researchers, and leads to the research purpose. Then it expounds the ecological holism so as to stress the significance of ecological holism. The next part reverts to the novel and analyzes the ecological awareness with ecological holism from the natural, character description and theme. Based on the definition and development of ecological society and combining with the social background in China, it is about to discuss how to build an ecological society. At the end of this paper, the whole paper is summarized to emphasize the importance of ecological literature and ecological holism.

Keywords: ecological literature; O Pioneer ; ecological holism; ecological society

摘要

生态文学的关键之处在于“生态”，它不同于传统的自然描写——自然在作者笔下就是抒发自身情感的工具。相反，生态文学是以生态整体主义来表现人与自然关系的一种文学，是生态危机社会背景下的产物。而生态整体主义则强调生态系统的整体性，强烈批判以人类为主体的人类中心主义思想，对于重新定位人与自然关系，建设生态型社会有着重要意义。本文就是运用生态整体主义理论，通过分析薇拉•凯瑟的小说《啊，拓荒者!》的自然，人物描写及主题，再结合当代社会背景来简要谈谈如何缓解生态危机，建设一个生态型社会。
首先对其他研究者的观点进行简单概括，随之总结出本论文的研究目的。然后对生态整体主义进行简单阐述，以此来说明生态整体主义对于建设生态型社会的指导意义。下一个部分回归小说，通过运用生态整体主义这个理论，从小说的自然，人物描写及主题来解析小说中的生态思想。基于生态型社会的定义，发展，再结合中国社会背景，谈谈如何创建一个生态型社会。最后对整篇论文加以总结，再次强调生态文学，生态整体主义理论对于创建生态型社会的重要性。

关键词：生态文学；啊，拓荒者；生态整体主义；生态型社会