Abstract

Daniel Defoe was a famous British novelist, occupied an important state in the history of the 18th worldwide literature. He is often called “the first English novelist” by people. Robinson Crusoe was published in 1719 which made Daniel Defoe a revolutionary in English literature and helped to define the new genre of the novel, attracting a large middle-class readership.
Robinson Crusoe was partly based on the actual deeds of Alexander Selfirk, a Scottish sailor who spent almost five years alone on a desert island. Robinson is an Englishman who was shipwrecked in a lonely island. He builds a hut and develops arable lands to grow wheat, vegetable and fruit, gradually becoming self-sufficient. Many years later, Crusoe finds native cannibals who occasionally visit the island to kill and eat prisoners, and helps a prisoner to escape and names him “Friday”, teaching him English and converting him to Christianity. Twenty six years later, they finally are rescued and return to England.
Anthropocentrism will not only destroy ecological environment, but also bring about contradiction between the human and nature. This thesis will analyze Robinson Crusoe from the perspective of the ecocriticism which will help human beings to pay attention to the consequences of anthropocentrism and to establish ecological consciousness. Chapter One will introduce the research background and purpose. Chapter Two will analyze the causes for the expansion of anthropocentrism in which Daniel Defoe’s personal background, social environment and religion are employed to serve as the main factors. Chapter Three deals with the manifestation of the expansion of anthropocentrism. Chapter Four studies the result and solution of the expansion of anthropocentrism which is worth attention. At last, Chapter Five will summarize the thesis and explain the importance of research of the expansion of anthropocentrism in Robinson Crusoe.

Keywords: Robinson Crusoe ; Anthropocentrism; ecocriticism; nature
 
摘要

作为英国著名的小说家，丹尼尔笛福在18世纪的文学史上占有一席之地，并被称为“第一位英国小说家”。 1719年，《鲁滨逊漂流记》的出版引起了轰动。它不仅让丹尼尔笛福成为英国文学是上的革命者，并完美地向世界诠释了真正的小说，同时吸引了一大批中产阶级的忠实读者。
《鲁滨逊漂流记》一部分是根据真人真事创作的，小说原型是被抛弃到荒岛上的苏格兰水手赛尔科克。而小说的主人公鲁滨逊是一位英国的青年冒险者，在一次海难中，他幸存下来并开始在荒岛上自力更生，搭建木屋，种植粮食蔬果。他努力征服大自然并驯服“星期五”成为他的奴隶，让其信仰基督教。二十六年年后，他们最终逃离荒岛返回英国。
人类中心主义不仅是破坏生态环境的元凶，更是造成人类与自然矛盾的主推手。本论文以生态主义批判的视角来分析这部小说，将会帮助人类重新审视人类中心主义并建立生态意识。论文包括五个部分：第一章介绍了论文的研究背景和研究目的；第二章从作者笛福的生平背景，所处的社会环境和信仰来分析小说中人类中心主义膨胀的原因；第三章对小说中人类中心主义膨胀的表现做了具体的描述；第四章则旨在探究人类中心主义膨胀的结果；第五章总结了全文，并指出论文研究《鲁滨逊漂流》中的人类中心主义的膨胀的重要性。

关键词：鲁滨逊；人类中心主义；生态主义批判；自然