Abstract

Naturalism was first formulated by Emily Zola—a French novelist, and it was introduced to American by American novelist Frank Norris. It is a theory in literature indicating that both man and animal have no power against the nature, and nature and heredity can decide the fate. Most of the naturalists are influenced by Darwin’s theory; and Jack London is one of them. He is a world-renowned American novelist and also known as a naturalistic novelist in the early 20th century. He had created quite a lot of fictions which are now published and read all over the world. The Call of the Wild is a novel which bought him with international influence and laid the foundation for his status in American literature. London created a famous figure named Bark in that novel. His representative work The Call of the Wild fully demonstrates his philosophy of naturalism.
This paper aims to analyze the naturalism presented in The Call of the Wild. The naturalistic literature works have their unique themes and writing techniques which are obviously expressed. The author tries to analyze the novel from the perspective of naturalism. The paper offers a comprehensive introduction to naturalism and states that both the characters and plots in the novel manifest Jack London’s naturalism. It is hoped that the paper can help the readers have a general command of naturalism and a better understanding of The Call of the Wild.
     
Keywords:  the Call of the Wild; Naturalism; Jack London 

摘要

自然主义最早由法国作家左拉提出，之后经过美国小说家弗兰克诺里斯传入美国。它是一个文学理论，认为任何事物，不管是人还是动物，在自然面前都毫无反抗能力，而自然和本性决定了命运。大部分的自然主义作家都深受达尔文理论的影响，杰克•伦敦就是其中之一。杰克•伦敦是美国著名作家，他被认为是二十世纪早期最出名的自然主义作家，《野性的呼唤》是他最具代表的作品，这本书为他赢得了声誉同时也奠定了他在美国文学界的地位。伦敦在《野性的呼唤》中塑造了一个著名的形象—巴克。他的这一代表作品充分展示了他的自然主义哲学。
本文将从自然主义的角度去解读《野性的呼唤》。 自然主义文学作品有其鲜明的主题思想和写作特色，作者以自然主义为理论依据，试着以自然主义的视角探索小说。作者在文中较为全面地介绍了自然主义，并阐述说明了小说中的人物个性和情节均体现了杰克•伦敦的自然主义观。作者希望这篇论文能使读者对自然主义有大概的认识并且对《野性的呼唤》这本小说有一个更全面的理解。

关键词：自然主义; 野性的呼唤; 杰克•伦敦