Abstract: Moby Dick, a masterpiece of the famous American writer——Herman Melville, was created in 1851, according to his four-year life experiences on the sea. The novel reveals the highly prosperous whaling industry in the United States with the theme of man’s wreaking vengeance on a whale. Based on the relationship between man and nature, this paper focuses on analyzing the ecological views reflected in Moby Dick from three aspects by applying Eco-criticism. They are respectively the two different attitudes toward nature—— Ahab’s hostility towards nature and Ishmael’s positive cognition of nature, the conflict between primitive cultures and modern civilization, and the struggle between human’s selfish desires and accepted ethics. Last but not least, the paper discusses the sources of Herman’s ecological opinions. The research of the paper aims to promote people to focus on the ecological issues and spare no efforts to maintain the sustainable and harmonious development of the society.
Key words: Eco-criticism; man; nature; Moby Dick; tragedy

摘要：《白鲸》是美国著名作家赫尔曼•麦尔维尔于1851年根据其四年的海上生活经历创作而成的一部作品。小说以人向鲸复仇的故事为主题，揭示了当时正处于高度繁荣时期的美国捕鲸业。本文运用生态批评的相关理论观点，以书中所体现的人与自然的关系为切入点，从三个方面深入探究了《白鲸》中的生态观点：对待自然的两种不同的态度：阿哈对自然的敌对态度和以实马利对自然的正确认知；原始文明与现代文化的冲突；以及人类的私欲和社会既定的道德的冲撞。最后本文探讨了赫尔曼的生态思想来源。本文的研究力图促使人们关注生态问题，竭尽全力地促进社会持续、和谐发展。
关键词：生态批评；人；自然；莫比迪克；悲剧

Herman Melville, American novelist, essayist and poet, was born in New York City in 1819. Herman was the third child among the eight siblings. Both of his parents were from distinguished American families and initially they led a wealthy life. However, when Herman was twelve, his father failed in his business and died shortly after being forced to declare bankruptcy, which left it to Herman to support the impoverished family. Herman had ever been a peasant, a bank clerk, a schoolteacher and so on. He experienced all kinds of joys and sorrows of life. In 1837, because of the discontent towards the society, he began his seafaring career. Four years later he returned to the United States and devoted himself to his writing career. In 1891, he died.
The book Moby Dick, written in 1850 and published in 1851, is about a man’s revenging on a sperm whale. It is set in South Pacific, where the whale lives in. Captain Ahab loses one of his legs in a voyage because of a beluga named Moby Dick. He then makes a plan for taking revenge. After a long period of exploration, he finds the whale and fights against it. Unfortunately he is hanged by the beluga with a rope and almost all the sailors are killed. Only Ishmael survives and tells us the story.