摘要

《杀死一只知更鸟》是哈珀•李出版的唯一长篇作品，一经上市就大获欢迎。它是美国中学生必读读物之一，对青少年成长有很大的教育意义。
西方有句老话叫“杀死一只知更鸟是一种罪恶”。在19世纪30年代的梅岗镇，小女孩斯考特同哥哥杰姆一起见证了父亲阿迪克斯为黑人汤姆申无罪之冤，但汤姆却最终憾死；见证了传闻已久凶恶的却从未露面的布把他们兄妹二人从恶人手中救出。斯考特在这一系列的事件中渐渐成长，懂得了杀死一只知更鸟的深刻含义。故事中，阿迪克斯、学校和整个社会反映出了多方面的西方教育观，特别是美国式教育观，共有以下七个法则：归属感法则、希望法则、监管法则、倾听法则、平等法则、榜样法则和个性化法则。本文通过结合情节对故事中折射出的这七个方面进行分析。同时，本文根据小说的启示在教育目的、教育方式、教育关系三个方面对中国教育提出了教育建议。最后得出结论，好的教育方式不会过时，平等且启发式的教育观值得学习。

关键词：教育观，青少年成长，七个法则，教育建议，平等

Abstract

As one of the highly recommended youth development books in American high schools, To Kill a Mockingbird, written by Harper Lee in 1960, became the best-seller upon its publish.
In America, there is an old saying that “Killing a mockingbird is a sin” because they do nothing hurt but to sing to make us happy. The two characters Tom and Boo were likened to mockingbird. Scout and her brother Jem witnessed their father Atticus defended for the negro Tom for his “raping” a white woman, which was untrue and Tom died innocently; also, they experienced escaping from the evil Mr. Ewell’s murder with the help of “devil” Boo, who was actually kind to others. Scout had learned the profound meaning of “Killing a mockingbird is a sin” from these events.
In the story, Atticus, the school and the whole society revealed seven rules of Western education concepts, especially American education concepts, namely, rule of sense of belonging, rule of hope, rule of supervision, rule of listening, rule of model, rule of equality, and rule of individualism. From the analysis, we could clearly see the influence of family and society on children, like how the light of hope appears in the dark. The novel inspired us to give educational suggestions about educational purpose, educational methods and educational relations. From what has been discussed above, conclusions about a reasonable education concept are drawn, indicating the inspirations gained from the novel.

Key words: education concept, youth development, seven rules, educational suggestions, equality