摘要：

杰克伦敦被认为是自然主义的小说家之一。他把他的自然主义哲学观体现在《野性的呼唤》中，而故事的主人公巴克的形象创作反映了达尔文“物竞天择，适者生存”的理论。在小说中，巴克为了生存，从一条宠物狗的角色变换成雪橇狗最后退化成森林之狼，学会了“适者生存”的处世原则。同时，巴克目睹了人与人、狗与狗、强者与弱者之间的冷酷无情和生死争斗，最后在自我的挣扎中和在原始欲望的召唤下，本性复萌,回归大自然。小说同时告诫人们要处理好人与社会的关系：充满狼性——坚忍不拔，富有抗争精神，来求得生存；也要处理好人与自然的关系——寻求人与自然的和谐共存。

关键词：自然主义；杰克伦敦；《野性的呼唤》；适者生存

Abstract:

Jack London is taken as one of naturalistic novelists. He embodied his naturalism philosophy in The Call of the Wild, and the creation of Buck’s image reflects Darwin’s “the survival of the fittest in natural selection” theory. In the novel, Buck in order to survive, from the role of a pet dog sled dog finally transformed into wolf forest, learned the “survival of the fittest” principles of life. Meanwhile, Buck witnessed the life and death battle between ruthless people, dogs and dogs, the strong and the weak, and finally, through self-struggle and with the strong desire of regression, return to nature. This thesis analyzes naturalistic tendency of The Call of the Wild from the three aspects of naturalistic elements, themes and content. At the same time, it tells us how to achieve harmony between human beings and nature.

Key words: Naturalism; Jack London; The Call of the Wild; the survival of the fittest

1. Introduction
Jack London was regarded as one of the greatest naturalistic novelists. He was a pioneer in the then-burgeoning world of commercial magazine fiction and was one of the first fiction writers to obtain worldwide celebrity and a large fortune from his fiction alone. Some of his most famous works include The Call of the Wild and White Fang, both set in the Klondike Gold Rush, as well as the short stories To Build a Fire, An Odyssey of the North, and Love of Life. He also wrote of the South Pacific in such stories as The Pearls of Parlay and The Heathen, and of the San Francisco Bay area in The Sea Wolf.