摘要：

在英国近代文学史上，狄更斯是唯一可以和莎士比亚媲美的伟大作家，其作品是18世纪英国批判现实主义文学的珍宝，在英国文学史上产生了重大而深远的影响，被恩格斯誉为“时代的旗帜”。 其著作双城记以法国大革命为背景，揭示了封建压迫对人性的残害，反映了尖锐的阶级矛盾和激烈的阶级斗争，揭露了封建贵族的腐朽和堕落，而贯穿小说始终的人道主义思想更使其经久不衰，广为流传。
本文旨在从自由，平等，博爱三个角度，通过对小说中人物的横向对比分析，解读作品《双城记》中的人道主义精神。该部小说通过描写封建贵族，革命者，和人道主义者三类人在如法国大革命中跌宕起伏的命运，向人们揭示了人道主义精神在人类发展道路中的决定性作用。作者极力讴歌人道主义精神，引导人们学会博爱，共同创造一个自由平等的和谐社会。这一思想无论是对物质急速膨胀，精神亟待平衡的现今，还是对充满人类美好期待的未来都具有深刻而长远的借鉴意义。

关键词：《双城记》；横向对比分析；人道主义精神

Abstract:

Dickens is the only great writer being equal in fame with Shakespeare, in the modern history of British literature. His works are treasures of literary in the18th century characterized by critical realism and have a significant and profound influence on the English literature. Hence, they were glorified as “the banner of era” by Engels. In his masterpiece A Tale of Two Cities, with French Revolution as background, he revealed the mutilation of the feudal oppression to human nature, the sharp class contradictions and the fierce struggle of lower class, exposing the degeneration and cruelty of the feudal aristocracy. The humanitarianism throughout the novel, what is the most impressive, endowed this novel the power to withstand the test of ages and spread across the world.
This paper aims at interpreting the humanitarianism in A Tale of Two Cities by comparing the characters in the novel horizontally through the three angles of freedom, equality, and fraternity. This novel demonstrates the decisive role of humanitarianism in the path of human development by describing the ebb and flow in the fates about people of three types, feudal aristocracy, revolutionist and humanist, in the turbulent tide of the French Revolution. In the novel, the author spared no efforts to laud the humanitarianism, guiding people to learn fraternity and to create a harmonious society characterized by freedom and equality together. This thought has a profound directive function not only to the present when the material world is expanding rapidly while the spiritual balance is urgently needed, but also the future of human being which is full of wonderful ideals.

Key words: A Tale of Two Cities; analysis of comparing horizontally ; humanitarianism