ABSTRACT

The Metamorphosis is the masterpiece of the absurd Kafka’s representative work, which marks the summit of his absurd literary creation. Since its publication, The Metamorphosis has received a strong appeal for readers and also literature critics. This paper attempts to classify and summarize the absurdity of Kafka’s The Metamorphosis from four different parts through literature review. From this, the paper will reflect the cold relationships between modern people and give some advice for modern people on relationship and make them know how to get along well with other people.

Key words: Kafka  The Metamorphosis  The Absurdity  Suggestion 
Modern People

摘  要

 《变形记》是卡夫卡的短篇代表作之一，是卡氏艺术上的最高成就，被认为是20世纪最伟大的小说作品之一。自小说出版以来，一直深受读者和批评家们的关注。本文旨在对国内近十年来关于《变形记》荒诞艺术的相关文献资料进行综述，总结前人的主要研究成果，力求从四个方面探讨卡夫卡《变形记》的荒诞艺术。通过全面分析卡夫卡《变形记》中的荒诞艺术，折射出现代人类之间的相处之冷漠，并提出其在现代社会背景下对当今人类之间相处上的一些重要启示和意义。

关键词：卡夫卡  《变形记》  荒诞艺术  建议  现代的人

Chapter One    Introduction
1.1 Introduction of Kafka
Kafka (1883-1924) is a prominent Germen novelist in the 20th century. He is good at using fable style to write novels. And his works expressed his cynical determination and courage deeply. Moreover, his new writing skill made the various writing genre ratify him as pioneer. In 1904, Kafka began to publish novels. And during this time, his works were influenced by expressionism deeply. From 1910 to 1924, expressionist movement centered on German in Europe emphasized paying attention to inner subjective world. Kafka was influenced by Freud and Nietzsche. Thus, he began to infuse philosophy into literature. In 1912, he wrote out a short story that was named The Godfather. And his special writing style was built. In Kafka’s work, all people he has described were living in the lower class. They felt fear, uncomfortable, lonely and lost in the contradictory and distorted world. Although they suffered oppression, they couldn’t revolt and they were even offenseless. The reason of forming this kind of character in his work was that Kafka was living in the shadow of his tyrannic father all his life and living in a strange world so that lonely and melancholy character came into being. On the other hand, thanks to his lonely and melancholy character, he created the great work, The Metamorphosis.