Abstract
 
Ernest Hemingway played a very important role in the history of the 20th century American literature. A Farewell to Arms, one of his masterpieces, is widely accepted as a representative work with a strong sense of “tragic consciousness”. This thesis tries to analyze the tragic consciousness from three aspects death, loneliness and resistance, and thereby further explore the reasons why Hemingway formed such tragic consciousness in A Farewell to Arms.
 
Key words: Hemingway, A Farewell to Arms, tragic consciousness

摘  要

厄内斯特•海明威在20世纪的美国文坛上有着至关重要的地位。《永别了，武器》是海明威的众多代表作之一，弥漫着强烈的悲剧意识。本文将从三个方面——死亡、孤独、抗争，来分析《永别了，武器》中的悲剧意识，进而探索海明威形成这种悲剧意识的原因。

关键词：海明威；《永别了，武器》；悲剧意识

1. Introduction
Ernest Miller Hemingway (1899 – 1961) was an important writer in the 20th century American literature. He was born on July 21, 1899, in Oak Park, Illinois, a suburb of Chicago. His father, Clarence Edmonds Hemingway, was a physician, and his mother, Grace Hall-Hemingway, was a musician. Both were well-educated and well-respected in the conservative community of Oak Park. As a boy, Hemingway loved sports and often went hunting and fishing with his father, which provided him with writing materials.
     In the high school, he worked as a reporter. During the First World War he served as an honorable junior officer in the American Red Cross Ambulance Crops and in 1918 was severely wounded in both legs. During his life, he participated in other wars like Spanish Civil War and World War II. As a result, the nightmarish war experience changed his life. The war experiences left deep and long influences on Hemingway.