Abstract

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is the most successful novel of Mark Twain, and a classic in the history of American literature. It proves to be the milestone in America literature and thus firmly established Twain’s position in the literary world. The novel is based on American pre-Civil War era and it tells a story about the protagonist Huckleberry Finn’s adventures with Negro Jim on a raft down the Mississippi river.
Initiation story, originated in Germany, is the story of a single individual’s growth and development within the context of a defined social order. Being afraid of his drunkard father and unbearable of the suffocating environment in the adopted family, Huck decides to escape from the civilized world and set about his adventurous journey with Negro Jim. During the journey, Huck has experienced confusion and tasted the lust, deceit and violence of the real world. All the factors, outer or inner, have helped Huck grow from innocence to maturity. Based on Initiation theory, the paper will explore the process of the protagonist Huck’s growth and analyze the positive and negative guides who influence his growth. It is hoped that the present study can deepen the understanding of this classic novel from a new perspective.
   
Key words:  The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn  Huck  initiation story  growth            
                
摘要

《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》是马克·吐温最为杰出的一部长篇小说，也是美国文学史上公认的经典之作。它奠定了马克·吐温在美国文学史上的重要地位，是美国文学的里程碑。小说以南北战争前夕为背景，描写了主人公哈克贝利·费恩与黑人吉姆乘木筏沿密西西比河漂流的经历。
成长小说起源于德国，讲述了特定社会背景下，个人的成长与发展的过程。由于哈克害怕他的酒鬼父亲，忍受不了在被收养家庭中令人窒息的生活环境，他决定逃离文明社会，和黑奴吉姆开启他们的冒险旅程。在旅程中，哈克经历了困惑，感受到了现实生活中的贪欲，欺骗和暴力。所有这些外在和内在的因素帮助哈克从无知走向成熟。本论文以成长小说理论为基础，探讨主人公哈克的成长过程，并分析影响哈克成长的正反面引路人。希望该研究能从一个新的角度加深大家对这部经典小说的理解。

关键词:《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》；哈克；成长小说；成长

Chapter One Introduction        
1.1 Introduction to the Author
Samuel Langhorne Clemens (1835-1910), well known for his pen name Mark Twain, is a famous American realistic writer in the 19th century. Regarded as an author, a humorist, and a lecturer, he made great contribution to the American literature. One of his friends, William Dean Howells regarded him as “Lincoln of our literature”. H. L. Mencken also spoke highly of Mark Twain; he praised him as “the true father of our national literature, and the first genuine American artist of the blood royal.”
As a novelist, humorist and satirist, Mark Twain has exerted constant influence on American literature. He is one of the leading figures of the literary trend called Local Colorism. Most of Twain’s works are the combination of realism and romanticism, of American folk humor and serious literature. Being a local colorist and a realist, Mark Twain usually wrote his novels and stories based on his own experiences.