Abstract

Daniel Defoe is one of the most famous novelists of the 18th century in Britain. During his lifetime, he wrote quite a few novels, which includes: The True-Born Englishman, Robinson Crusoe, Moll Flanders, A Journal of the Plague Year and so on. Among these, Robinson Crusoe was his masterpiece, which made him famous all over the world. When it was published, the novel enjoyed great fame all over the world. This novel mainly described the adventurous experiences of the character in the book一Robinson Crusoe, who was an ambitious man and not satisfied with the life he was born with. His strong desire to survive clearly revealed in the process of battling with the surrounding environment, which caused a great effect on readers.
Along with the social and economic development, a lot of environmental problems have emerged, such as water waste, air pollution, expansion of industrialization and so on. Under such circumstance, more and more scholars realized the importance of environment, and at the same time, they began to profoundly rethink the relationships between human beings and the nature. Eco-criticism is the study of the relationship between literature and the physical environment. This paper mainly reinterprets classic texts from the perspective of Eco-criticism, and reveals hidden anti-ecological thinking in the texts. This paper is divided into four parts. The first part gives a brief introduction to Daniel Defoe and his novel Robinson Crusoe, and provides a glimpse into the background of the study of the novel as well as reviews the previous research on Robinson Crusoe. The second part introduces the theory of Eco-criticism and interprets what it is. The third part discusses the Eco-criticism embodied in the novel Robinson Crusoe. The last part is the conclusion.   

Key words:  Daniel Defoe  Robinson Crusoe  Eco-criticism  

摘要

丹尼尔 • 笛福（1660-1731）是18 世纪英国最著名小说家之一，作品有《纯正出身的英格兰人》，《鲁宾逊漂流记》，《凤舞红尘》，《瘟疫年纪事》等。其中，《鲁滨逊漂流记》是他的杰作，小说出版后，立即享誉世界各地，也使丹尼尔•笛福扬名全球。小说的主人公鲁宾逊是个雄心勃勃、喜欢冒险的人，小说主要讲述了他不满足现有的生活而出去探险的经历。他强烈渴望生存的精神、与周围的环境斗争的过程对读者产生很大影响。
当下，随着社会和经济的发展，很多生态问题已经出现，如水资源的污染、浪费，空气污染，动植物物种的减少等等。在这种情况下，越来越多的学者意识到生态的重要性，同时，他们开始反思人类与自然之间的关系。生态批评是文学和自然环境之间关系的研究。本文主要从生态批评的角度重新解读经典文本并揭示隐藏在文章中的生态批评思维。文章主要分成四个部分，第一个部分简单介绍了作者丹尼尔•笛福以及目前对《鲁滨逊漂流记》的研究现状；第二和第三部分分别讲解了生态批评主义的含义以及《鲁滨逊漂流记》中表现出现的生态批评主义内涵。最后一部分是总结。

关键词:  丹尼尔·笛福； 《鲁滨逊漂流记》；生态批评