[摘要]:

哈代有力的抨击了维多利亚时期的道德观念和婚姻制度，揭露了英国宗教的负面作用，指明了由于人们不同的性格缺陷而造成的悲剧和冲突。本文将从以下方面来研究分析主人公的婚姻爱情悲剧：主人公的性格缺陷，维多利亚文学与哈代文学特点的对比，哈代对婚姻和命运的观点等等。

[关键词]:无名的裘德；性格缺陷；维多利亚文学特点；哈代文学特点；社会悲剧；命运观

Abstract: 

Thomas Hardy forcefully attacks the moral concepts and the marriage system of Victorian period, exposes the negative roles of the Church of England and points out the tragic studies and conflict caused by people’s different personalities. The paper analyzes the tragic love and marriage from the following ways: the personality flaws of the hero and heroine, the differences between characteristics in Victorian literature and Hardy’s Works, the different causes of tragedy like Hardy's view on marriage tragedy and fate and so on.

Key Words:  Jude the Obscure; Victorian literature; social tragedy; personality flaw

1. Introduction
Thomas Hardy (1840-1928) is the greatest rustic novelist as well as a great poet in English literary history. His fiction has always had a strong appeal for the reading public, and keeps drawing increasing attention from the academic and critical circles in particular. Some critics even think that Hardy's standing as a novelist has grown to eclipse everyone in the nineteenth century except Dickens. Thomas Hardy is also one of the few writers to succeed as both a major novelist and a poet. He has long been regarded as one of the very greatest British novelists, for his detailed depiction of a now-vanished way of life, his extraordinary delineation of the subtleties of human personality, and his overwhelming power of presentation of tragic destinies[1].
Jude the Obscure is Hardy's final novel. In different ways, it symbolizes the clash between modernity and medievalism, the pain that clash produces in the lives of the individuals. Hardy encountered many difficulties when he attempted to find an editor and publisher for this book. During the Victorian Era, the public rebelled against the progress that was taking place, like Darwin and the rise of science, and blamed their problems on religious doubt, class conflict, poverty and industrialization. In addition, Victorian Puritanism spoke out against seat, the emancipation of women, and strong individualism in women. They thought that they would lead to the end of strong moral standards in the society. So Hardy found it hard to publish Jude the Obscure after working with four different publishers over a ten-year period. He had to alter his text for publication and spent a lot of time revising. However, after Jude was published, Hardy received strong condemnation from the public. Since he had always been sensitive to the opinions of the public, taking the criticisms to heart, He ceased writing novels and focused his efforts on writing poetry where he could fully express his ideas without restrictions[2].