[摘要]

玛莎·诺曼是当代美国成就最高的女剧作家之一，诺曼1947年出生于美国肯塔基州，由于受到母亲宗教信仰的影响，大部分童年时光都是独自一人度过，对孤独的深刻体验为她后来的戏剧创作埋下了重要的伏笔。早在大学就读期间，她就开始了边缘女性生存状况的戏剧创作，至今已有7部有关这一主题且颇具影响力的戏剧问世。《出狱》是诺曼的第一步戏剧，之后陆续出版的《三分之一和橡树》，《洗衣房》，《马戏团情人节，《晚安，妈妈》，《黑暗中的旅行者》等作品，均获得了较大的社会影响。诺曼的作品以其独特的女性主义视角和娴熟的现实主义手法为主要特色，本文从作者，作品，女性主义在文中的表现，以及现实主义为女性主义服务这四个方向出发，着重表现了女性主义在玛莎·诺曼戏剧创作中的重大作用，为更好的了解和体现女性主义的价值服务。

[关键字] 玛莎·诺曼，晚安，妈妈，出狱，女性主义，现实主义

Abstract:

Marsha Norman is one of the most successful women playwrights in American contemporary theatre. Born in Kentucky,U.S.A in 1947,Norman spent most of her childhood alone. Her life experience of loneliness provides her with an important source of her future literary creation. As early as her course of college, Norman began to write plays that concerned the life of marginalized women, The launch of her first play Getting Out in 1978 proved to be a great success, and her subsequent influential plays include Third and Oak(1978),circus Valentine(1979),’night ,Mother(1983),Traveler in the Dark(1984),etc, all of which were favorably received .particularly ,’night Mother, the recipient of Pulitzer Prize of drama in 1983,made Marsh Norman world famous. Norman has received substantial criticism, among which her use of feminist in drama remains the most disputable, for her plays are particularly characterized by her skillful realistic approach in representing her feminist vision. This article divided into four parts, which include Marsh Norman’s life experience, summary about her two masterpieces. Introduces some basic information about feminist, sum up, by exploring the combination of feminist views and realistic approach in representing Norman’s drama, this thesis offers us great value in reevaluating the contribution of feminist in contemporary theatre.

Key words: Marsha Norman, Getting Out, ’night, Mother, feminist, contemporary drama, realism

1.    Introduction   
Marsha Norman is a playwright and novelist. In 1983, she won the Pulitzer Prize for her play ’night, Mother, becoming the seventh playwright since the Pulitzer Prize for Drama was launched. She also wrote the screen for the motion picture. Marsha Norman was born on September 21, 1947, in Louisville, Kentucky. As the daughter of a fundamentalist Methodist, she had a solitary childhood. Her mother’s religious views prohibited Norman from playing with other children and watching television and movies, and she credits her loneliness as a child as the reason why she become a writer, she was only allowed to play the piano, read books, and attend the theatre, she saw children’s plays at the Actors Theatre of Louisville, as well as later productions of Tennessee William’s The Glass Menagerie and Archibald MacLeish’s J.B., which is an adaptation of The Book of job. [1]She majored philosophy at Agnes Scott College in Georgia. She received a B.A.in 1969 and a M.A from the University of Louisville in 1971. After graduation, Norman began to work as a journalist, writing articles and reviews of books, plays and films for the Louisville Times.